Vepsäläinen Henna, Lindström Jaana
Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
Food Nutr Res. 2024 Apr 30;68. doi: 10.29219/fnr.v68.10541. eCollection 2024.
A dietary pattern can be defined as the quantities, proportions, variety, or combination of foods and drinks typically consumed. The dietary pattern approach aims to place emphasis on the total diet as a long-term health determinant, instead of focussing on separate foods and nutrients, which may interact or confound each other.
This scoping review describes the totality of evidence for the role of dietary patterns for health-related outcomes as a basis for setting and updating food-based dietary guidelines in the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023 (NNR2023).
We used evidence from 10 qualified systematic reviews identified by the NNR2023 project. No additional literature search was conducted.
Strong or moderate evidence linked dietary patterns high in vegetables, fruits, whole grains, fish, low-fat dairy and legumes, and low in red and processed meats, sugar-sweetened beverages, sugary foods- and refined grains with beneficial health outcomes, such as reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes, obesity, cancer, bone health, and premature death. We also found limited evidence suggesting a relationship with the described dietary patterns in childhood and decreased risk of obesity and hypertension later in life. Most studies have been conducted among adult populations, and thus, there is a need for studies in certain subgroups, such as children and adolescents as well as the elderly.
饮食模式可定义为通常摄入的食物和饮料的数量、比例、种类或组合。饮食模式方法旨在强调整个饮食作为长期健康决定因素，而不是专注于可能相互作用或混淆的单一食物和营养素。
本范围综述描述了饮食模式对健康相关结果作用的全部证据，作为制定和更新《2023年北欧营养建议》（NNR2023）中基于食物的饮食指南的基础。
我们使用了NNR2023项目确定的10项合格系统评价中的证据。未进行额外的文献检索。
有力或中等强度的证据表明，富含蔬菜、水果、全谷物、鱼类、低脂乳制品和豆类，且红肉、加工肉类、含糖饮料、含糖食品和精制谷物含量低的饮食模式与有益健康的结果相关，如降低心血管疾病（CVD）、2型糖尿病、肥胖、癌症、骨骼健康和过早死亡的风险。我们还发现有限的证据表明，儿童时期的上述饮食模式与日后肥胖和高血压风险降低之间存在关联。大多数研究是在成年人群中进行的，因此，需要在某些亚组中开展研究，如儿童和青少年以及老年人。
