Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.
Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2024 Dec;43(4):1119-1135. doi: 10.1007/s10555-024-10216-4. Epub 2024 Oct 1.
The mitochondrion is an essential cell organelle known as the powerhouse of the cell. Mitochondrial ribosomal proteins (MRPs) are nuclear encoded, synthesised in the cytoplasm but perform their main functions in the mitochondria, which includes translation, transcription, cell death and maintenance. However, MRPs have also been implicated in cancer, particularly advanced disease and metastasis across a broad range of cancer types, where they play a central role in cell survival and progression. For some, their altered expression has been investigated as potential prognostic markers, and/or therapeutic targets, which is the focus of this review. Several therapies targeting MRPs are currently approved by the Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency for use in other diseases, revealing the opportunity for repurposing their use in advanced and metastatic cancer. Herein, we review the evidence supporting key MRPs as molecular drivers of advanced disease in multiple cancer types. We also highlight promising avenues for future use of MRPs as precision targets in the treatment of late-stage cancers for which there are currently very limited effective treatment options.
线粒体是一种重要的细胞细胞器，被称为细胞的“动力工厂”。线粒体核糖体蛋白（MRPs）是核编码的，在细胞质中合成，但主要在线粒体中发挥功能，包括翻译、转录、细胞死亡和维持。然而，MRPs 也与癌症有关，特别是在多种癌症类型的晚期疾病和转移中，它们在细胞存活和进展中发挥着核心作用。对于一些人来说，已经研究了它们的改变表达作为潜在的预后标志物和/或治疗靶点，这是本综述的重点。目前，美国食品和药物管理局和欧洲药品管理局已经批准了几种针对 MRPs 的治疗方法，用于治疗其他疾病，这表明可以重新利用它们来治疗晚期和转移性癌症。本文综述了支持关键 MRPs 作为多种癌症类型晚期疾病分子驱动因素的证据。我们还强调了未来将 MRPs 作为精准治疗靶点用于治疗晚期癌症的有前途的途径，目前针对这些癌症的有效治疗选择非常有限。
