Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland.
Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts.
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2024 Oct 2;33(10):1261-1272. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-24-0686.
Liver cancer, the sixth most frequently occurring cancer in the world and the third most common cause of cancer mortality, has wide geographical variation in both incidence and mortality rates. At the end of the 20th century, incidence rates began declining in some high-rate areas and increasing in some lower-rate areas. These trends were undoubtedly driven by the shifting contributions of both well-established and more novel risk factors. While notable strides have been made in combating some major risk factors, such as hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus, the emergence of metabolic conditions as important drivers of liver cancer risk indicates that much work remains to be done in prevention. As liver cancer is strongly associated with economic and social deprivation, research, early-diagnosis, and treatment among disadvantaged populations are of paramount importance.
肝癌是全球第六大常见癌症，也是癌症死亡的第三大主要原因，其发病率和死亡率在地理分布上存在广泛差异。在 20 世纪末，一些高发病率地区的发病率开始下降，而一些低发病率地区的发病率则上升。这些趋势无疑是由既定和更新的风险因素的变化所驱动的。尽管在防治一些主要危险因素方面取得了显著进展，如乙型肝炎病毒和丙型肝炎病毒，但代谢性疾病作为肝癌风险的重要驱动因素的出现表明，在预防方面仍有许多工作要做。由于肝癌与经济和社会贫困密切相关，因此在弱势群体中开展研究、早期诊断和治疗至关重要。
