Oboge Harriet, Riitho Victor, Nyamai Mutono, Omondi George P, Lacasta Anna, Githaka Naftaly, Nene Vishvanath, Aboge Gabriel, Thumbi S M
Department of Public Health Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.
Centre for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.
Front Vet Sci. 2024 Sep 17;11:1428713. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1428713. eCollection 2024.
Strengthening global health security relies on adequate protection against infectious diseases through vaccination and treatment. Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists exhibit properties that can enhance immune responses, making them potential therapeutic agents or vaccine adjuvants.
We conducted an extensive systematic review to assess the efficacy of TLR agonists as therapeutic agents or vaccine adjuvants for infectious diseases and their safety profile in animals, excluding rodents and cold-blooded animals. We collected qualitative and available quantitative data on the efficacy and safety outcomes of TLR agonists and employed descriptive analysis to summarize the outcomes.
Among 653 screened studies, 51 met the inclusion criteria. In this review, 82% (42/51) of the studies used TLR agonists as adjuvants, while 18% (9/51) applied TLR agonist as therapeutic agents. The predominant TLR agonists utilized in animals against infectious diseases was CpG ODN, acting as a TLR9 agonist in mammals, and TLR21 agonists in chickens. In 90% (46/51) of the studies, TLR agonists were found effective in stimulating specific and robust humoral and cellular immune responses, thereby enhancing the efficacy of vaccines or therapeutics against infectious diseases in animals. Safety outcomes were assessed in 8% (4/51) of the studies, with one reporting adverse effects.
Although TLR agonists are efficacious in enhancing immune responses and the protective efficacy of vaccines or therapeutic agents against infectious diseases in animals, a thorough evaluation of their safety is imperative to in-form future clinical applications in animal studies.
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=323122.
加强全球卫生安全依赖于通过疫苗接种和治疗对传染病进行充分防护。Toll样受体（TLR）激动剂具有可增强免疫反应的特性，使其成为潜在的治疗药物或疫苗佐剂。
我们进行了一项广泛的系统评价，以评估TLR激动剂作为治疗传染病的药物或疫苗佐剂的疗效及其在动物（不包括啮齿动物和冷血动物）中的安全性。我们收集了关于TLR激动剂疗效和安全性结果的定性及可用定量数据，并采用描述性分析来总结结果。
在653项筛选研究中，51项符合纳入标准。在本评价中，82%（42/51）的研究将TLR激动剂用作佐剂，而18%（9/51）将TLR激动剂用作治疗药物。在动物中用于对抗传染病的主要TLR激动剂是CpG ODN，它在哺乳动物中作为TLR9激动剂，在鸡中作为TLR21激动剂。在90%（46/51）的研究中，发现TLR激动剂可有效刺激特异性且强烈的体液和细胞免疫反应，从而提高疫苗或治疗药物对动物传染病的疗效。8%（4/51）的研究评估了安全性结果，其中一项报告了不良反应。
尽管TLR激动剂在增强免疫反应以及疫苗或治疗药物对动物传染病的保护疗效方面有效，但对其安全性进行全面评估对于指导未来在动物研究中的临床应用至关重要。
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=323122 。
