Feng Ganyi, Deng Menglong, Li Rui, Hou Gaifeng, Ouyang Qing, Jiang Xianji, Liu Xiaojie, Tang Hui, Chen Fengming, Pu Shihua, Wan Dan, Yin Yulong
Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Poultry Breeding Pollution Control and Resource Technology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.
College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.
Front Microbiol. 2024 Sep 17;15:1442077. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1442077. eCollection 2024.
Corn (C), wheat (W), and paddy rice (PR) are important energy sources and are commonly used in feed production for swine. This study mainly focuses on the variation and regularities of microbiota and metabolites in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of pigs in response to C, W, and PR. A total of 18 pigs were allotted into three dietary groups with six replicated pigs and received diets containing C, W, or PR as the sole energy source, respectively. The results showed that digestive parts significantly affected the diversity of microbial communities. Cereal grain sources significantly influenced the β-diversity of microbial communities in the colon and rectum. Campylobacterota and Proteobacteria are mainly distributed in the duodenum, in the jejunum, and Bacteroidota in the colon and rectum. The W diet increased the Bacteroidota, Spirochaetota, and abundances and showed the highest concentrations of all short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the hindgut. Fibrobacterota, Bacteroidota, Spirochaetota, , , and in the colon or rectum were positively correlated with acetate, propionate, butyrate, and total SCFAs. These findings suggested that aerobic bacteria and facultative anaerobes in the foregut will gradually be replaced by anaerobes in the hindgut. The W diet had the best fermentability and was beneficial to the colonization of microbial communities that mainly used carbohydrates. The hindgut flora of the PR diet group may be more balanced with fewer potential pathogenic bacteria. Many microbial communities have been identified to contribute positively to the SCFA production of the hindgut. Collectively, our study revealed the spatial variation regularities of GIT microbial communities in an adult pig model and provided new insights into GIT microbiota and responses of metabolites to cereal grain diets.
玉米（C）、小麦（W）和水稻（PR）是重要的能量来源，常用于猪的饲料生产。本研究主要关注猪胃肠道（GIT）中微生物群和代谢产物随C、W和PR的变化及规律。总共18头猪被分配到三个日粮组，每组6头重复，分别接受以C、W或PR作为唯一能量来源的日粮。结果表明，消化部位显著影响微生物群落的多样性。谷物来源显著影响结肠和直肠中微生物群落的β多样性。弯曲杆菌门和变形菌门主要分布在十二指肠和空肠，拟杆菌门分布在结肠和直肠。W日粮增加了拟杆菌门、螺旋体门的丰度，且后肠中所有短链脂肪酸（SCFA）的浓度最高。结肠或直肠中的纤维杆菌门、拟杆菌门、螺旋体门等与乙酸、丙酸、丁酸和总SCFA呈正相关。这些发现表明，前肠中的需氧菌和兼性厌氧菌将逐渐被后肠中的厌氧菌取代。W日粮具有最佳的发酵性，有利于主要利用碳水化合物的微生物群落的定殖。PR日粮组的后肠菌群可能更平衡，潜在病原菌较少。已确定许多微生物群落对后肠SCFA的产生有积极贡献。总体而言，我们的研究揭示了成年猪模型中GIT微生物群落的空间变化规律，并为GIT微生物群和代谢产物对谷物日粮的反应提供了新的见解。
