Jenny Christophe, Sachter-Smith Gabriel, Breton Catherine, Rivallan Ronan, Jacquemoud-Collet Jean-Pierre, Dubois Cécile, Chabannes Matthieu, Lý Ngọc-Sâm, Haevermans Thomas, Triệu Tiến-Dũng, Insisiengmay Oudomphone, Zhang Ting, Caruana Marie-Line, Sardos Julie, Perrier Xavier
CIRAD, UMR AGAP Institut, Montpellier, France.
UMR AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France.
PLoS One. 2024 Oct 2;19(10):e0307592. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307592. eCollection 2024.
Many species are defined in the Musa section within its natural diversification area in Southeast Asia. However, their actual number remains debated as botanical characterisation, distribution and intraspecific variability are still poorly known, compromising their preservation and their exploitation as crop wild relatives of cultivated forms. To address the underexplored Musa diversity in mainland Southeast Asia, at the northern edge of the natural range, 208 specimens were collected in Vietnam, Laos and China, mainly belonging to Musa balbisiana, M. itinerans, M. acuminata and M. yunnanensis. Data on location, morphology, environment and local knowledge were recorded, and leaf samples collected for high-throughput genotyping. This study combines geographical, morphological, and genomic diversity to clarify the taxonomic classification. The collected species exhibit highly distinctive morphologies and genomes, just as they differ in ranges and life traits. Intraspecific genomic diversity was also observed, although not necessarily morphologically perceptible. Mainland Southeast Asia is confirmed as a primary diversification centre for the Musa section. The diversity observed is only partially represented in major international ex situ collections, calling for their urgent enrichment and the promotion of in situ management procedures, for the protection of these threatened species and to better harness their potential in breeding programmes. Although considered wild, the species studied are all affected to varying extents by human use. Musa yunnanensis and M. acuminata subsp. burmannica are the most strictly wild forms, with spontaneous interspecific hybrids first described in this study. Although gathered as fodder, they were only occasionally dispersed outside their endemic zones. Musa itinerans is not cultivated per se, but natural populations are widely exploited, leading to a geographically structured diversity. The diversity of M. balbisiana is widely distributed and geographically structured by human activities. This species should be regarded as domesticated. These various stages, from simple opportunistic gathering to true domestication, shed light on the evolutionary history of today's cultivated varieties.
许多物种在东南亚其自然多样化区域内的芭蕉属中被定义。然而，它们的实际数量仍存在争议，因为植物特征、分布和种内变异性仍然知之甚少，这不利于它们作为栽培品种的作物野生近缘种的保护和利用。为了研究东南亚大陆自然分布范围北缘尚未充分探索的芭蕉属多样性，在越南、老挝和中国收集了208个标本，主要属于野蕉、阿宽蕉、尖叶蕉和云南芭蕉。记录了位置、形态、环境和当地知识的数据，并采集了叶片样本用于高通量基因分型。本研究结合地理、形态和基因组多样性来阐明分类学分类。所收集的物种表现出高度独特的形态和基因组，其分布范围和生活特性也各不相同。种内基因组多样性也被观察到，尽管在形态上不一定能察觉。东南亚大陆被确认为芭蕉属的一个主要多样化中心。在主要的国际迁地收集中，所观察到的多样性仅得到部分体现，因此迫切需要丰富这些收集，并推广原地管理程序，以保护这些濒危物种，并更好地利用它们在育种计划中的潜力。尽管所研究的物种被认为是野生的，但它们都受到人类利用的不同程度影响。云南芭蕉和尖叶蕉亚种缅甸蕉是最严格的野生形式，本研究首次描述了自发的种间杂种。尽管它们被作为饲料采集，但仅偶尔在其特有区域外扩散。阿宽蕉本身不被栽培，但自然种群被广泛利用，导致了地理结构上的多样性。野蕉的多样性分布广泛，并因人类活动而呈现地理结构。该物种应被视为已驯化。从简单的机会性采集到真正的驯化的这些不同阶段，揭示了当今栽培品种的进化历史。
