Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States.
School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9LG, U.K.
Environ Sci Technol. 2024 Oct 15;58(41):18053-18063. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.4c01264. Epub 2024 Oct 2.
The Sustainable Development Goals emphasize coordination and integration between sectors. Solar-powered submersible water pumping systems are versatile technology that help address community drinking water, irrigation, and electricity needs. Stakeholders external to the community, particularly solar photovoltaic experts, are vital in ensuring continued system services; however, there has been no comprehensive assessment of different solar-powered water pumping system support efforts. This review is the first to systematically evaluate external support for solar-powered systems from multiple regions and implementing organizations. We reviewed solar-powered water pumping system literature to identify implemented external support and factors that affect implementation. Publication databases, organization Web sites, and citations were searched. Seventy-four studies were included and evaluated using inductive coding and thematic synthesis. We derived a framework that organized support activities and factors into three nested levels of implementation: system, program, and sector. For support efforts implemented after 2010, most support providers worked at all levels. Each provider type worked at levels aligned with their knowledge and resources and complementary to other providers' work. Drivers of support specific to solar-powered water systems were the existence of solar photovoltaic markets and infrastructure, support providers experienced with solar photovoltaics, and government and community solar advocates. We grouped support factors that study authors associated with system functionality into four categories: location and quality of support, reliability of support arrangements, frequency and timeliness of support, and policy and regulatory environment. No study outlined support for multiple uses of the systems or end-of-lifecycle care of solar panels. Solar-powered water pumping systems provide multiple community services, and their management will be bolstered by support providers collaborating to optimally apply their skill sets and create support plans that comprehensively address system versatility.
可持续发展目标强调部门之间的协调和整合。太阳能潜水泵系统是一种多功能技术，可以帮助满足社区饮用水、灌溉和电力需求。社区外部的利益相关者，特别是太阳能光伏专家，对于确保系统持续服务至关重要；然而，目前还没有对不同的太阳能抽水系统支持工作进行全面评估。这是首次从多个地区和实施组织系统地评估太阳能系统的外部支持。我们对太阳能抽水系统文献进行了综述，以确定已实施的外部支持以及影响实施的因素。我们搜索了出版物数据库、组织网站和参考文献。纳入了 74 项研究，并使用归纳编码和主题综合进行了评估。我们得出了一个框架，将支持活动和因素组织到实施的三个嵌套层次中：系统、计划和部门。对于 2010 年后实施的支持工作，大多数支持提供者都在所有层次上开展工作。每个提供者类型都在与其知识和资源相匹配的层次上开展工作，并与其他提供者的工作互补。推动太阳能抽水系统支持的因素是太阳能光伏市场和基础设施的存在、有太阳能光伏经验的支持提供者，以及政府和社区太阳能倡导者。我们将研究作者与系统功能相关的支持因素分为四类：支持的位置和质量、支持安排的可靠性、支持的频率和及时性，以及政策和监管环境。没有研究概述了对系统多种用途或太阳能电池板生命周期结束后的支持。太阳能潜水泵系统提供多种社区服务，支持提供者合作以最优地应用其技能，并制定全面解决系统多功能性的支持计划，将有助于加强其管理。
