Bischof Anja Yvonne, Kuklinski David, Salvi Irene, Walker Carla, Vogel Justus, Geissler Alexander
Chair of Health Economics, Policy and Management, School of Medicine, University of St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
J Med Internet Res. 2024 Oct 2;26:e55267. doi: 10.2196/55267.
A clinical dashboard is a data-driven clinical decision support tool visualizing multiple key performance indicators in a single report while minimizing time and effort for data gathering. Studies have shown that including patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in clinical dashboards supports the clinician's understanding of how treatments impact patients' health status, helps identify changes in health-related quality of life at an early stage, and strengthens patient-physician communication.
This study aims to determine design components for clinical dashboards incorporating PROMs to inform software producers and users (ie, physicians).
We conducted interviews with software producers and users to test preselected design components. Furthermore, the interviews allowed us to derive additional components that are not outlined in existing literature. Finally, we used inductive and deductive coding to derive a guide on which design components need to be considered when building a clinical dashboard incorporating PROMs.
A total of 25 design components were identified, of which 16 were already surfaced during the literature search. Furthermore, 9 additional components were derived inductively during our interviews. The design components are clustered in a generic dashboard, PROM-related, adjacent information, and requirements for adoption components. Both software producers and users agreed on the primary purpose of a clinical dashboard incorporating PROMs to enhance patient communication in outpatient settings. Dashboard benefits include enhanced data visualization and improved workflow efficiency, while interoperability and data collection were named as adoption challenges. Consistency in dashboard design components is preferred across different episodes of care, with adaptations only for disease-specific PROMs.
Clinical dashboards have the potential to facilitate informed treatment decisions if certain design components are followed. This study establishes a comprehensive framework of design components to guide the development of effective clinical dashboards incorporating PROMs in health care practice.
临床仪表盘是一种数据驱动的临床决策支持工具，可在一份报告中可视化多个关键绩效指标，同时将数据收集的时间和精力降至最低。研究表明，在临床仪表盘中纳入患者报告的结局指标（PROMs）有助于临床医生理解治疗如何影响患者的健康状况，有助于在早期识别与健康相关的生活质量变化，并加强医患沟通。
本研究旨在确定纳入PROMs的临床仪表盘的设计组件，为软件生产商和用户（即医生）提供信息。
我们对软件生产商和用户进行了访谈，以测试预先选定的设计组件。此外，访谈使我们能够得出现有文献中未概述的其他组件。最后，我们使用归纳和演绎编码得出一份指南，说明在构建纳入PROMs的临床仪表盘时需要考虑哪些设计组件。
共确定了25个设计组件，其中16个在文献检索中已经出现。此外，在我们的访谈中归纳得出了9个额外的组件。这些设计组件分为通用仪表盘、与PROM相关的组件、相邻信息组件和采用组件的要求。软件生产商和用户都认同纳入PROMs的临床仪表盘的主要目的是在门诊环境中加强患者沟通。仪表盘的好处包括增强数据可视化和提高工作流程效率，而互操作性和数据收集被认为是采用方面的挑战。不同护理阶段的仪表盘设计组件最好保持一致，仅针对特定疾病的PROMs进行调整。
如果遵循某些设计组件，临床仪表盘有可能促进明智的治疗决策。本研究建立了一个全面的设计组件框架，以指导在医疗保健实践中开发有效的纳入PROMs的临床仪表盘。
