Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Malaysia.
Advance Bioactive Materials-Cells (Adv-BioMaC) UKM Research Group, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia.
Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol. 2024 Dec;52(1):476-499. doi: 10.1080/21691401.2024.2407617. Epub 2024 Oct 3.
In current toxicological research, 2D cell cultures and animal models are well- accepted and commonly employed methods. However, these approaches have many drawbacks and are distant from the actual environment in human. To embrace this, great efforts have been made to provide alternative methods for non-animal skin models in toxicology studies with the need for more mechanistically informative methods. This review focuses on the current state of knowledge regarding the 3D skin model methods, with different functional states that correspond to the sustainability in the field of toxicology testing. We discuss existing toxicology testing methods using 3D skin models which provide a better understanding of the testing requirements that are needed. The challenges and future landscape in using the 3D skin models in toxicology testing are also discussed. We are confident that the 3D skin models application may become an important tool in toxicology in the context of risk assessment.
在当前的毒理学研究中，2D 细胞培养和动物模型是被广泛接受和常用的方法。然而，这些方法存在许多缺点，与人类的实际环境相去甚远。为了解决这个问题，人们付出了巨大的努力，为毒理学研究中替代非动物皮肤模型提供了更多具有机制信息的方法。本综述重点介绍了 3D 皮肤模型方法的最新知识，这些方法具有不同的功能状态，与毒理学测试领域的可持续性相对应。我们讨论了使用 3D 皮肤模型的现有毒理学测试方法，这些方法提供了对测试要求的更好理解。还讨论了在毒理学测试中使用 3D 皮肤模型所面临的挑战和未来前景。我们相信，3D 皮肤模型的应用可能成为风险评估背景下毒理学的重要工具。
