Adeyele Esther Itunuoluwa, Ayanyemi Esther Olutomilayo, Akomolafe Rufus Ojo, Sesan Olaoluwa Olukiran, Aladesanmi Omolara Titilayo, Adetutu Aderonke Okoya
Institute of Ecology and Environmental Studies, Obafemi Awolowo University, Road 7, P.M.B 13, Ile Ife, Osun State, 220282, Nigeria.
Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Road 7, P.M.B 13, Ile Ife, Osun State, 220282, Nigeria.
Toxicol Res (Camb). 2024 Sep 30;13(5):tfae157. doi: 10.1093/toxres/tfae157. eCollection 2024 Oct.
There is growing concern of the potential damage to vital organs after long term exposure to locally formulated pesticides in rural area of Nigeria. This study was designed to assessed the effects of the individual chemical compound and their combination on the kidney and liver of rats' model.
Fifty-four rats divided into six groups and three sub-groups were exposed to 25, 50 and 75% dose of each of the pesticide's LD for 4 h at 3 days interval in an inhalation chamber for 28 days. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin (TOT_BIL), creatinine and urea assay showed significant increase at the aforementioned doses in comparison to the control group. The red blood cell counts, hematocrit and hemoglobin concentrations were significantly altered in the rats administered varying doses of the pesticides when compared with the control. Similar result was obtained for the differential white blood cell counts. Histopathological examinations of the liver tissue of rats showed infiltrated sinusoids, traces of karypyknosis, vacuolar degeneration and microvesicular steatosis while that of the renal tissue showed glomeruli atrophy leading to widened Bowman's spaces as well as few shrunken glomeruli and varied level of degenerative tubular changes to tubular necrosis.
This study established that individual pesticides and their mixture is toxic to the liver and kidney, as evidenced by the elevated markers of renal and liver functions and distortion of the structure of both organs as revealed by their photomicrographs. Therefore, it is a matter of public health significance to regularly monitor pesticide residues in foods and humans in order to assess the food safety risk and population exposure to pesticides.
在尼日利亚农村地区，长期接触当地配制的农药后，人们越来越担心其对重要器官的潜在损害。本研究旨在评估单一化合物及其组合对大鼠模型肾脏和肝脏的影响。
将54只大鼠分为6组，每组再分为3个亚组，在吸入室内每隔3天以25%、50%和75%的农药半数致死剂量（LD）暴露4小时，持续28天。与对照组相比，丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、总胆红素（TOT_BIL）、肌酐和尿素检测显示，上述剂量下这些指标显著升高。与对照组相比，给予不同剂量农药的大鼠红细胞计数、血细胞比容和血红蛋白浓度显著改变。白细胞分类计数也得到了类似结果。大鼠肝脏组织的组织病理学检查显示，肝血窦浸润、核固缩痕迹、空泡变性和微泡脂肪变性，而肾脏组织的检查显示肾小球萎缩导致鲍曼间隙增宽，以及少数肾小球萎缩和不同程度的肾小管退行性改变直至肾小管坏死。
本研究证实，单一农药及其混合物对肝脏和肾脏有毒性，肾功能和肝功能指标升高以及两个器官结构的扭曲通过显微镜照片得以证实。因此，定期监测食品和人体中的农药残留，以评估食品安全风险和人群接触农药的情况，具有公共卫生意义。
