Chaturvedi Mridula, Kaur Navpreet, Rahman Pattanathu K S M, Sharma Shashi
Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, UP, India.
Centre for Natural Products and Discovery, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
Front Microbiol. 2024 Sep 18;15:1433745. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1433745. eCollection 2024.
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) as benzene phenolic derivatives being hydrophobic partition to organic matter in sludge/soil sediments and show slow degradation rate owing to poor bioavailability to microbes.
In the present study, the potential of a versatile white rot fungal isolate S5 identified as was monitored to degrade bisphenol A (BPA)/triclosan (TCS) under shake flask conditions with concomitant production of lipopeptide biosurfactant (BS) and plant growth promotion.
Sufficient growth of WRF for 5 days before supplementation of 50 ppm EDC (BPA/TCS) in set B showed an increase in degradation rates by 23% and 29% with corresponding increase in secretion of lignin-modifying enzymes compared to set A wherein almost 84% and 97% inhibition in fungal growth was observed when BPA/TCS were added at time of fungal inoculation. Further in set B, EDC concentration stimulated expression of laccase and lignin peroxidase (Lip) with 24.44 U/L of laccase and 281.69 U/L of Lip in 100 ppm BPA and 344 U/L Lip in 50 ppm TCS supplemented medium compared to their respective controls (without EDC). Biodegradation was also found to be correlated with lowering of surface tension from 57.02 mN/m (uninoculated control) to 44.16 mN/m in case of BPA and 38.49 mN/m in TCS, indicative of biosurfactant (BS) production. FTIR, GC-MS, and LC-ESI/MSMS confirmed the presence of surfactin lipopeptide isoforms. The WRF also displayed positive plant growth promoting traits as production of ammonia, indole acetic acid, siderophores, Zn solubilization, and 1-1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity, reflecting its soil restoration ability.
The combined traits of biosurfactant production, EDC degradation and plant growth promotion displayed by WRF will help in emulsifying the hydrophobic pollutants favoring their fast degradation along with restoration of contaminated soil in natural conditions.
作为苯酚衍生物的内分泌干扰化学物质（EDCs）具有疏水性，会分配到污泥/土壤沉积物中的有机物中，并且由于对微生物的生物可利用性差而降解速度缓慢。
在本研究中，监测了一种被鉴定为的通用白腐真菌分离株S5在摇瓶条件下降解双酚A（BPA）/三氯生（TCS）的潜力，同时产生脂肽生物表面活性剂（BS）并促进植物生长。
在B组中，在添加50 ppm EDC（BPA/TCS）之前，WRF充分生长5天，与A组相比，降解率分别提高了23%和29%，木质素修饰酶的分泌相应增加。在A组中，当在真菌接种时添加BPA/TCS时，观察到真菌生长受到近84%和97%的抑制。此外，在B组中，EDC浓度刺激了漆酶和木质素过氧化物酶（Lip）的表达，在添加100 ppm BPA的培养基中漆酶为24.44 U/L，Lip为281.69 U/L，在添加50 ppm TCS的培养基中Lip为344 U/L，而各自的对照（无EDC）中则较低。还发现生物降解与表面张力的降低相关，BPA的表面张力从57.02 mN/m（未接种对照）降至44.16 mN/m，TCS的表面张力降至38.49 mN/m，表示产生了生物表面活性剂（BS）。傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）和液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱（LC-ESI/MSMS）证实了表面活性素脂肽异构体的存在。WRF还表现出促进植物生长的积极特性，如产生氨、吲哚乙酸、铁载体、锌溶解以及1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸（ACC）脱氨酶活性，反映了其土壤修复能力。
WRF表现出的生物表面活性剂产生、EDC降解和植物生长促进的综合特性将有助于乳化疏水性污染物，有利于其快速降解，并在自然条件下修复受污染的土壤。
