Complex Systems and Sport Research Group (Spain), Barcelona, Spain.
Institut Nacional d'Educació Física de Catalunya (INEFC), Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain.
PLoS One. 2024 Oct 3;19(10):e0306824. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306824. eCollection 2024.
Mindfulness is an increasingly popular practice among elite athletes to improve performance and well-being, but its application for coaches is still very limited. Therefore, a new program (M×E; Mindfulness para Entrenadores) was designed and implemented online for 6 weeks for coaches, support staff, and technical directors. Participants were 58 (57 men), aged between 23 and 58 (M = 31.8). The between-subject analysis (RM ANOVA 2×2) included experimental (n = 26) and wait-list control group (n = 21). A total of 29 completed the within-subject analysis (RM ANOVA) completing follow-up measurements until six months. The analysis was complemented with 21 individual semi-structured interviews. The experimental group showed significant improvements in mindfulness trait (p < .001), interpersonal mindfulness (p = .010), and a significant improvement in emotional regulation (p = .010) in comparison to the wait-list control group. The experimental group's positive trend in all variables' levels was maintained until six months after the program. The qualitative analysis showed a positive impact on professional, personal, and social areas with improvements related to performance and well-being. Several participants considered the program as "fundamental" for their professional role. This study provides information on best practices in implementing mindfulness-based programs, highlighting their practical orientation, the training plan, and the safe space. These results offer initial validation of the potential of the M×E and invite sports organizations to incorporate mindfulness-based programs specially designed for coaches, support staff and technical directors.
正念是一种在精英运动员中越来越流行的做法，可提高表现和幸福感，但它在教练中的应用仍然非常有限。因此，为教练、支持人员和技术总监设计并实施了一项为期 6 周的新计划（M×E；Mindfulness para Entrenadores）。参与者有 58 人（57 名男性），年龄在 23 岁至 58 岁之间（M = 31.8）。组间分析（RM ANOVA 2×2）包括实验组（n = 26）和候补名单对照组（n = 21）。共有 29 人完成了组内分析（RM ANOVA），直到六个月时完成了随访测量。该分析还补充了 21 个个体半结构化访谈。与候补名单对照组相比，实验组在正念特质（p <.001）、人际正念（p =.010）和情绪调节（p =.010）方面均显示出显著改善。实验组在所有变量水平上的积极趋势一直持续到计划结束后六个月。定性分析显示，该计划对专业、个人和社会领域产生了积极影响，与绩效和幸福感的提高有关。一些参与者认为该计划对其专业角色“至关重要”。本研究提供了关于实施基于正念的计划的最佳实践的信息，重点介绍了其实践方向、培训计划和安全空间。这些结果初步验证了 M×E 的潜力，并邀请体育组织将专门为教练、支持人员和技术总监设计的基于正念的计划纳入其中。
