Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SRM University AP, 522240, India.
Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, 502285, India; MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500 AE, Enschede, Netherlands.
Biosens Bioelectron. 2025 Jan 1;267:116824. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116824. Epub 2024 Sep 30.
Drop-casted polypyrrole (PPY) nanomaterial-based point-of-care Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) immunosensing platforms reported previously demand trained manpower at field-test, due to poor adhesion between nanomaterial and electrode surface, limiting the point-of-care purpose. The usage of conventional clean-room-based physical and chemical vapor deposition techniques in creating strong adhesion is limited on account of cost and process complexity. Addressing this technical gap, we report a novel low-cost clean-room-free technique that can effectively electrodeposit the PPY simultaneously onto the working areas of array of Interdigitated microelectrodes (IDμEs) from the precursor solution. Through optimization of deposition cycles and molar concentration ratio of monomer and oxidizing agents, a high-quality nanomaterial was electrodeposited on IDμEs' surface. Further, by using the electrodeposited PPY as a bioelectrical transducer, the TBI-specific UCHL1 and GFAP target analytes were simultaneously detected in terms of variation of DC-Resistance and AC-Capacitance parameters, recorded through chemiresistive I-V and chemicapacitive C-F responses of bioelectrodes, respectively. Such simultaneous multianalyte-detection in terms of multiple parameters increases the diversity of decision-making parameters by several folds, inherently aids in enhancing the diagnostic accuracy of TBI test kit. Here, the efficiency of the electrodeposited PPY-based chemiresistive and chemicapacitive immunosensing platforms in detecting TBI-specific target analytes simultaneously in real-time human-plasma samples was analyzed in terms of sensitivity, resolution, LoD, RoD, long-term stability (30 weeks), and the same is compared with drop-cast PPY-based immunosensing platform. Notably, the electrodeposited PPY sensing platforms showed superior performance in terms of sensitivity, LoD, device variability and long-term stability without demanding any trained manpower in the field.
先前报道的基于滴铸聚吡咯（PPY）纳米材料的即时创伤性脑损伤（TBI）免疫传感平台由于纳米材料与电极表面之间的附着力差，需要在现场测试中配备经过培训的人员，这限制了即时检测的目的。由于成本和工艺复杂性的原因，传统的基于洁净室的物理和化学气相沉积技术在创建强附着力方面的应用受到限制。为了解决这一技术差距，我们报告了一种新颖的低成本无洁净室技术，可以有效地将 PPY 同时从前体溶液中电沉积到叉指微电极（IDμE）阵列的工作区域上。通过优化沉积循环和单体与氧化剂的摩尔浓度比，可以在 IDμE 表面上电沉积高质量的纳米材料。此外，通过使用电沉积的 PPY 作为生物电传感器，通过生物电极的电阻-电流（I-V）和电容-频率（C-F）响应分别记录 DC 电阻和 AC 电容参数的变化，可以同时检测 TBI 特异性 UCHL1 和 GFAP 靶标分析物。这种基于多个参数的同时多分析物检测增加了决策参数的多样性，从而固有地有助于提高 TBI 测试试剂盒的诊断准确性。在这里，我们分析了基于电沉积 PPY 的电阻式和电容式免疫传感平台在实时人血浆样品中同时检测 TBI 特异性靶标分析物的效率，从灵敏度、分辨率、检测限、工作范围、长期稳定性（30 周）等方面进行了比较，并与滴铸 PPY 基免疫传感平台进行了比较。值得注意的是，与滴铸 PPY 基免疫传感平台相比，电沉积 PPY 传感平台在灵敏度、检测限、器件变异性和长期稳定性方面具有优异的性能，而无需在现场配备经过培训的人员。
