Sekhon Seerat, Bayford Richard, Demosthenous Andreas
Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
Department of Natural Sciences, Middlesex University, London NW4 4BT, UK.
Biosensors (Basel). 2025 Jul 30;15(8):491. doi: 10.3390/bios15080491.
Capacitive sensors are platforms that enable label-free, real-time detection at low non-perturbing voltages. These sensors do not rely on Faradaic processes, thereby eliminating the need for redox-active species and simplifying system integration for point-of-care diagnostics. However, their sensitivity in high-ionic-strength solutions, such as bodily fluids, is limited due to a reduced Debye length and non-specific interactions. The present review highlights advances in material integration, surface modification, and signal enhancement techniques to mitigate the challenges of deploying capacitive sensors in biofluids (sweat, saliva, blood, serum). This work further expands on the promise of such sensors for advancing liquid biopsies and highlights key technical challenges in translating capacitive systems to clinics.
电容式传感器是一种平台，能够在低干扰电压下实现无标记的实时检测。这些传感器不依赖法拉第过程，从而无需氧化还原活性物质，并简化了即时诊断的系统集成。然而，由于德拜长度减小和非特异性相互作用，它们在高离子强度溶液（如体液）中的灵敏度受到限制。本综述重点介绍了材料集成、表面修饰和信号增强技术方面的进展，以应对在生物流体（汗液、唾液、血液、血清）中部署电容式传感器所面临的挑战。这项工作进一步阐述了此类传感器在推进液体活检方面的前景，并突出了将电容式系统转化为临床应用时的关键技术挑战。
