Assoumani A, Lestremau F, Ferret C, Lepot B, Le Gall M, Salomon M, Budzinski H, Dévier M-H, Labadie P, Le Menach K, Pardon P, Wiest L, Vulliet E, Staub P-F
INERIS, Unité Méthodes et Développements en Analyses pour l'Environnement, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France.
Hydrosciences Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, IMT Mines Alès, IRD, CNRS, Alès, France.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Dec 1;954:176624. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176624. Epub 2024 Oct 1.
Despite their intensive use and their impact on ecosystems, biocides and surfactants are still poorly regulated and poorly monitored at large scale. In the frame of the revision of the national regulatory surveillance plan of surface waters, France planned in 2018 a monitoring campaign at national scale focused on these two types of substances of very emerging concern. Forty-nine contaminants (32 biocides and 17 surfactants) were investigated in surface water and sediment samples from 91 sampling sites, and in effluent and sludge samples of 7 wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), in mainland France and overseas regions. Between 33 and 52 % of the target contaminants were quantified at least once in water and sediment. High frequencies of quantification were observed for the surfactants (up to 91 % in water samples and up to 57 % in sediment samples for LAS C10-C13) and for the biocides (up to 64 % for fipronil in water samples and up to 90 % for methyl nonyl ketone in sediment samples). The median concentrations of surfactants were up to 2 μg/L in mainland surface water samples and up to 528 μg/kg in sediment samples, and for biocides, the median concentrations were up to 0.18 μg/L in mainland surface water samples and up to 104 μg/kg in sediment samples. PNEC exceedances in water and sediment were determined for both types of substances. The analysis of effluent and sludge suggested significant but not total removal of these substances in the WWTP. Temporal and spatial variations of the concentrations of both types of substances in surface water samples were also observed, suggesting both punctual and diffuse contamination sources of the surface water investigated.
尽管杀生剂和表面活性剂被大量使用且对生态系统有影响，但它们在大规模层面上仍然监管不力且监测不足。在地表水国家监管监测计划修订框架内，法国于2018年计划开展一项全国性监测活动，重点关注这两类备受关注的新兴物质。在法国本土和海外地区的91个采样点的地表水和沉积物样本以及7个污水处理厂（WWTP）的废水和污泥样本中，对49种污染物（32种杀生剂和17种表面活性剂）进行了调查。目标污染物中有33%至52%在水和沉积物中至少被定量检测到一次。表面活性剂（如直链烷基苯磺酸盐C10 - C13在水样中的定量频率高达91%，在沉积物样本中高达57%）和杀生剂（如氟虫腈在水样中的定量频率高达64%，甲基壬基酮在沉积物样本中的定量频率高达90%）的定量频率较高。表面活性剂在法国本土地表水样本中的中位浓度高达2μg/L，在沉积物样本中高达528μg/kg；杀生剂在法国本土地表水样本中的中位浓度高达0.18μg/L，在沉积物样本中高达104μg/kg。两类物质在水和沉积物中的预测无效应浓度（PNEC）均被超过。对废水和污泥的分析表明，污水处理厂对这些物质有显著但并非完全的去除效果。还观察到地表水样本中两类物质浓度的时空变化，这表明所调查的地表水存在点源和扩散污染源。
