School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Campus USÖ, Örebro, 701 82, Sweden.
Department of Clinical Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
Sci Rep. 2024 Oct 3;14(1):23030. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-74863-x.
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections worldwide and the most common cause is uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). Current research is mostly focused on how UPEC affects host factors, whereas the effect of host factors on UPEC is less studied. Our previous studies have shown that estrogen alters UPEC virulence. However, the effect of this altered UPEC virulence on neutrophils is unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate how the altered UPEC virulence mediated by estrogen modulates neutrophil responses. We found that estradiol-stimulated CFT073 increased neutrophil phagocytosis, NETs formation and intracellular ROS production. We observed that the total ROS production from neutrophils was reduced by estradiol-stimulated CFT073. We also found that estradiol-stimulated CFT073 induced less cytotoxicity in neutrophils. Additionally, we found that several cytokines and chemokines like IL-8, IL-1β, CXCL6, MCP-1 and MCP-4 were increased upon estradiol-stimulated CFT073 infection. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the estrogen-mediated alterations to UPEC virulence modulates neutrophil responses, most likely in a host-beneficial manner.
尿路感染（UTI）是全球最常见的细菌感染之一，最常见的病因是尿路致病性大肠杆菌（UPEC）。目前的研究主要集中在 UPEC 如何影响宿主因素，而宿主因素对 UPEC 的影响则研究较少。我们之前的研究表明，雌激素会改变 UPEC 的毒力。然而，这种改变的 UPEC 毒力对中性粒细胞的影响尚不清楚。本研究旨在探讨雌激素介导的改变的 UPEC 毒力如何调节中性粒细胞的反应。我们发现，雌二醇刺激的 CFT073 增加了中性粒细胞的吞噬作用、NETs 的形成和细胞内 ROS 的产生。我们观察到，雌二醇刺激的 CFT073 减少了中性粒细胞的总 ROS 产生。我们还发现，雌二醇刺激的 CFT073 诱导的中性粒细胞毒性降低。此外，我们发现，一些细胞因子和趋化因子，如 IL-8、IL-1β、CXCL6、MCP-1 和 MCP-4，在雌二醇刺激的 CFT073 感染时增加。总之，本研究表明，雌激素介导的 UPEC 毒力改变调节中性粒细胞的反应，可能以宿主受益的方式进行。
