Del Duchetto Francis, Dussault-Picard Cloé, Gagnon Martine, Dixon Philippe, Cherni Yosra
École de Kinésiologie et des Sciences de L'activité Physique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
Laboratoire de Neurobiomécanique & Neuroréadaptation de la Locomotion (NNL), Centre de Recherche Azrieli du CHU Ste Justine, Montréal, QC, Canada.
Sports Med Open. 2024 Oct 4;10(1):108. doi: 10.1186/s40798-024-00774-w.
Running is a widely practiced sport worldwide associated with a host of benefits on cardiovascular, metabolic, musculoskeletal, and mental health, but often leads to musculoskeletal overuse injuries. The prescription of a foot orthosis (FO) is common to manage musculoskeletal impairments during physical activity or functional tasks. Although FOs are frequently prescribed by clinicians for symptomatic populations of runners, the existing literature supporting the prescription of FOs in runners has predominantly focused on either uninjured individuals or a mix of uninjured and symptomatic populations. Thus, the effects of FOs on the treatment and/or prevention of overuse running injuries need to be investigated to guide future research and assist clinicians in their decision-making process.
This scoping review aimed to evaluate the immediate and long-term effects of FOs on lower limb biomechanics, neuromuscular parameters, and pain and disability in symptomatic runners, and to identify factors that may influence the effects of FOs. Five databases (CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science) were searched, resulting in 2536 studies. A total of 30 studies, published between 1992 and 2023 (730 symptomatic runners), were included following the removal of duplicates and the screening process. Wearing FOs while running is related to an immediate and a long-term decrease in pain and symptoms of overuse running injuries. Also, wearing FOs while running decreases eversion at the foot/ankle complex, leads to a more lateral plantar pressure at the heel and forefoot, and may change running motor control strategies. Finally, the effectiveness of FOs is influenced by its added features.
This study provides recommendations for future research such as the need for standardized methods in describing FOs, considering participant characteristics such as foot morphology, and comparing different types of FOs. Also, this scoping review provides valuable insights for guiding the prescription and design of FOs, and suggests that integrating FOs into a comprehensive treatment plan may yield better results than standalone first-line treatments. Nonetheless, this scoping review highlights the need for future research to explore the optimal integration of FOs into injury-specific treatment plans.
跑步是一项在全球广泛开展的运动，对心血管、代谢、肌肉骨骼和心理健康有诸多益处，但常导致肌肉骨骼过度使用损伤。足部矫形器（FO）的处方常用于管理身体活动或功能任务期间的肌肉骨骼损伤。尽管临床医生经常为有症状的跑步者群体开具FO处方，但现有支持在跑步者中开具FO处方的文献主要集中在未受伤个体或未受伤与有症状人群的混合群体上。因此，需要研究FO对治疗和/或预防过度使用跑步损伤的影响，以指导未来的研究并协助临床医生进行决策。
本范围综述旨在评估FO对有症状跑步者下肢生物力学、神经肌肉参数以及疼痛和残疾的即时和长期影响，并确定可能影响FO效果的因素。检索了五个数据库（CINAHL、SPORTDiscus、MEDLINE、Embase和Web of Science），共获得2536项研究。经过去除重复项和筛选过程，最终纳入了1992年至2023年间发表的30项研究（730名有症状的跑步者）。跑步时佩戴FO与过度使用跑步损伤的疼痛和症状的即时和长期减轻有关。此外，跑步时佩戴FO会减少足/踝复合体处的外翻，导致足跟和前足处的足底外侧压力增加，并可能改变跑步运动控制策略。最后，FO的有效性受其附加特征的影响。
本研究为未来研究提供了建议，例如需要采用标准化方法描述FO，考虑参与者特征如足部形态，并比较不同类型的FO。此外，本范围综述为指导FO的处方和设计提供了有价值的见解，并表明将FO纳入综合治疗计划可能比单独的一线治疗产生更好的效果。尽管如此，本范围综述强调未来研究需要探索将FO最佳地纳入特定损伤治疗计划的方法。
