Castilla Sebastián, Agarwal Hitesh, Vangelidis Ioannis, Bludov Yuliy V, Iranzo David Alcaraz, Grabulosa Adrià, Ceccanti Matteo, Vasilevskiy Mikhail I, Kumar Roshan Krishna, Janzen Eli, Edgar James H, Watanabe Kenji, Taniguchi Takashi, Peres Nuno M R, Lidorikis Elefterios, Koppens Frank H L
ICFO - Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain.
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
Nat Commun. 2024 Oct 5;15(1):8635. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-52838-w.
One of the most captivating properties of polaritons is their capacity to confine light at the nanoscale. This confinement is even more extreme in two-dimensional (2D) materials. 2D polaritons have been investigated by optical measurements using an external photodetector. However, their effective spectrally resolved electrical detection via far-field excitation remains unexplored. This hinders their exploitation in crucial applications such as sensing, hyperspectral imaging, and optical spectrometry, banking on their potential for integration with silicon technologies. Herein, we present the electrical spectroscopy of polaritonic nanoresonators based on a high-quality 2D-material heterostructure, which serves at the same time as the photodetector and the polaritonic platform. Subsequently, we electrically detect these mid-infrared resonators by near-field coupling to a graphene pn-junction. The nanoresonators simultaneously exhibit extreme lateral confinement and high-quality factors. This work opens a venue for investigating this tunable and complex hybrid system and its use in compact sensing and imaging platforms.
极化激元最引人入胜的特性之一是它们能够在纳米尺度上限制光。这种限制在二维（2D）材料中更为极端。二维极化激元已通过使用外部光电探测器的光学测量进行了研究。然而，通过远场激发对其进行有效的光谱分辨电学检测仍未得到探索。这阻碍了它们在诸如传感、高光谱成像和光谱分析等关键应用中的利用，而这些应用依赖于它们与硅技术集成的潜力。在此，我们展示了基于高质量二维材料异质结构的极化激元纳米谐振器的电学光谱，该异质结构同时作为光电探测器和极化激元平台。随后，我们通过与石墨烯 pn 结的近场耦合对这些中红外谐振器进行电学检测。这些纳米谐振器同时表现出极端的横向限制和高品质因数。这项工作为研究这个可调谐且复杂的混合系统及其在紧凑型传感和成像平台中的应用开辟了一条途径。
