Javanmard Zahra, Pourhajibagher Maryam, Bahador Abbas
Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Folia Microbiol (Praha). 2025 Feb;70(1):55-70. doi: 10.1007/s12223-024-01206-8. Epub 2024 Oct 5.
The rapid evolution and spread of multidrug resistance among bacterial pathogens has significantly outpaced the development of new antibiotics, underscoring the urgent need for alternative therapies. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy and antimicrobial sonodynamic therapy have emerged as promising treatments. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy relies on the interaction between light and a photosensitizer to produce reactive oxygen species, which are highly cytotoxic to microorganisms, leading to their destruction without fostering resistance. Antimicrobial sonodynamic therapy, a novel variation, substitutes ultrasound for light to activate the sonosensitizers, expanding the therapeutic reach. To increase the efficiency of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy and antimicrobial sonodynamic therapy, the combination of these two methods, known as antimicrobial photo-sonodynamic therapy, is currently being explored and considered a promising approach. Recent advances, particularly in the application of nanomaterials, have further enhanced the efficacy of these therapies. Nanosensitizers, due to their improved reactive oxygen species generation and targeted delivery, offer significant advantages in overcoming the limitations of conventional sensitizers. These breakthroughs provide new avenues for treating bacterial infections, especially multidrug-resistant strains and biofilm-associated infections. Continued research, including comprehensive clinical studies, is crucial to optimizing nanomaterial-based antimicrobial photo-sonodynamic therapy for clinical use, ensuring their effectiveness in real-world applications.
细菌病原体中多药耐药性的快速演变和传播已大大超过了新型抗生素的研发速度，凸显了对替代疗法的迫切需求。抗菌光动力疗法和抗菌声动力疗法已成为有前景的治疗方法。抗菌光动力疗法依靠光与光敏剂之间的相互作用产生活性氧，这些活性氧对微生物具有高度细胞毒性，可导致其被破坏而不会产生耐药性。抗菌声动力疗法是一种新的变体，它用超声波代替光来激活声敏剂，扩大了治疗范围。为了提高抗菌光动力疗法和抗菌声动力疗法的效率，目前正在探索将这两种方法结合起来，即抗菌光声动力疗法，并认为这是一种有前景的方法。最近的进展，特别是在纳米材料应用方面的进展，进一步提高了这些疗法的疗效。纳米敏化剂由于其产生活性氧的能力提高和靶向递送功能，在克服传统敏化剂的局限性方面具有显著优势。这些突破为治疗细菌感染，特别是多药耐药菌株和生物膜相关感染提供了新途径。持续的研究，包括全面的临床研究，对于优化基于纳米材料的抗菌光声动力疗法以供临床使用、确保其在实际应用中的有效性至关重要。
