Emerging Orchestrator of Ecological Adaptation: mA Regulation of Post-Transcriptional Mechanisms.

Genetic mechanisms have been at the forefront of our exploration into the substrate of adaptive evolution and phenotypic diversification. However, genetic variation only accounts for a fraction of phenotypic variation. In the last decade, the significance of RNA modification mechanisms has become more apparent in the context of organismal adaptation to rapidly changing environments. RNA mA methylation, the most abundant form of RNA modification, is emerging as a potentially significant player in various biological processes. Despite its fundamental function to regulate other major post-transcriptional mechanisms such as microRNA and alternative splicing, its role in ecology and evolution has been understudied. This review highlights the potential importance of mA RNA methylation in ecological adaptation, emphasising the need for further research, especially in natural systems. We focus on how mA not only affects mRNA fate but also influences miRNA-mediated gene regulation and alternative splicing, potentially contributing to organismal adaptation. The aim of this review is to synthesise key background information to enhance our understanding of mA mechanisms driving species survival in dynamic environments and motivate future research into the dynamics of adaptive RNA methylation.