Ridolfi Elena, Lucantonio Mara, Di Baldassarre Giuliano, Moccia Benedetta, Napolitano Francesco, Russo Fabio
Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Edile e Ambientale, Università Degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, 00184, Rome, Italy.
Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Ambio. 2025 Feb;54(2):198-210. doi: 10.1007/s13280-024-02078-5. Epub 2024 Oct 5.
The urban development of Rome (Italy) has been intertwined with the dynamics of the Tiber River since its foundation. In this review paper, we analyse more than 2500 years of flood history and urban development to untangle the dynamics of flood risk and assess the resulting socio-hydrological phenomena. Until the 1800s, urban dwellers living in the riparian areas of the Tiber River were accustomed to frequent flooding. From the 1900s, the construction of flood walls reshaped the co-evolution of hydrological, economic, political, technological, and social processes. As a result, while the probability of flooding is currently very low, its potential adverse consequences would be catastrophic. From the analysis of the long-term feedback between urban development of Rome and flood events from ancient times to present days, it emerges the crucial need for an effective flood risk mitigation strategy that combines structural and non-structural measures. In particular, heightened flood risk awareness and preparedness to cope with rare but potentially devastating events is key to alleviate flood risk.
自罗马（意大利）建城以来，其城市发展就与台伯河的动态变化紧密相连。在这篇综述论文中，我们分析了超过2500年的洪水历史和城市发展，以梳理洪水风险的动态变化，并评估由此产生的社会水文现象。直到19世纪，生活在台伯河沿岸地区的城市居民都习惯了频繁的洪水。从20世纪起，防洪堤的建设重塑了水文、经济、政治、技术和社会进程的共同演变。结果，虽然目前洪水发生的概率非常低，但其潜在的不利后果将是灾难性的。通过对罗马从古至今的城市发展与洪水事件之间长期反馈的分析，凸显了制定一项结合结构性和非结构性措施的有效洪水风险缓解策略的迫切需求。特别是，提高洪水风险意识以及应对罕见但可能具有毁灭性事件的准备程度是减轻洪水风险的关键。
