Department of Psychology and Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, USA.
Department of Psychology, California State University, Dominguez Hills, USA; Department of Psychology, Harvard University, California State University, Dominguez Hills, USA.
Dev Cogn Neurosci. 2024 Dec;70:101455. doi: 10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101455. Epub 2024 Sep 24.
We investigate whether neural, cognitive, and psychopathology phenotypes that are more strongly related to genetic differences are less strongly associated with family- and state-level economic contexts (N = 5374 individuals with 1KG-EUR-like genotypes with 870 twins, from the Adolescent Behavior and Cognitive Development study). We estimated the twin- and SNP-based heritability of each phenotype, as well as its association with an educational attainment polygenic index (EA PGI). We further examined associations with family socioeconomic status (SES) and tested whether SES-related differences were moderated by state cost of living and social safety net programs (Medicaid expansion and cash assistance). SES was broadly associated with cognition, psychopathology, brain volumes, and cortical surface areas, even after controlling for the EA PGI. Brain phenotypes that were more heritable or more strongly associated with the EA PGI were not, overall, less related to SES, nor were SES-related differences in these phenotypes less moderated by macroeconomic context and policy. Informing a long-running theoretical debate, and contra to widespread lay beliefs, results suggest that aspects of child brain development that are more strongly related to genetic differences are not, in general, less associated with socioeconomic contexts and policies.
我们调查了与遗传差异更密切相关的神经、认知和精神病理学表型是否与家庭和州级经济环境的关联较弱（N = 5374 名具有 1KG-EUR 样基因型的个体，其中包括来自青少年行为和认知发展研究的 870 对双胞胎）。我们估计了每种表型的基于双胞胎和 SNP 的遗传力，以及它与教育程度多基因指数（EA PGI）的关联。我们进一步研究了与家庭社会经济地位（SES）的关联，并检验了 SES 相关差异是否受到州生活成本和社会安全网计划（医疗补助扩大和现金援助）的调节。即使在控制了 EA PGI 之后，SES 也与认知、精神病理学、脑容量和皮质表面积广泛相关。总体而言，与 EA PGI 更密切相关或遗传力更强的大脑表型与 SES 的相关性并不低，这些表型的 SES 相关差异也不受宏观经济环境和政策的调节。与长期以来的理论争论相一致，与普遍的大众观念相反，结果表明，与遗传差异更密切相关的儿童大脑发育方面通常与社会经济环境和政策的关联较弱。
