Alves Isabela S, Martin Maria da Graça Morais
Head and Neck Radiology and Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Neuroradiology Section, Instituto de Radiologia, Hospital das Clinicas da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 2024 Oct;45(5):353-359. doi: 10.1053/j.sult.2024.09.002. Epub 2024 Oct 5.
The intricate anatomy and embryology of the middle ear, labyrinth, and vertigo-related intracranial pathways involve complex developmental processes and contributions from multiple germ layers. The middle ear, comprised of the tympanic cavity, ossicles, and Eustachian tube, develops from the first and second branchial arches and clefts. In contrast, the inner ear originates from the otic vesicle, forming the bony and membranous labyrinths. The embryological timeline spans from the 40th day of gestation to the 24th week. The vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII cranial nerve) emerges with the inner ear structures and is essential for auditory and vestibular functions. The brainstem integrates sensory inputs from the labyrinth through various nuclei and pathways, contributing to balance and spatial awareness. This review highlights the critical developmental stages and anatomical details relevant to understanding auditory and vestibular system disorders.
中耳、迷路及与眩晕相关的颅内通路复杂的解剖结构和胚胎学涉及复杂的发育过程以及多个胚层的贡献。中耳由鼓室、听小骨和咽鼓管组成，起源于第一和第二鳃弓及鳃裂。相比之下，内耳起源于耳泡，形成骨迷路和膜迷路。胚胎发育时间线从妊娠第40天持续到第24周。前庭蜗神经（第八对脑神经）与内耳结构一同出现，对听觉和前庭功能至关重要。脑干通过各种核团和通路整合来自迷路的感觉输入，有助于平衡和空间感知。本综述重点介绍了与理解听觉和前庭系统疾病相关的关键发育阶段和解剖细节。
