Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Aquatic One Health Research Center (iARCUS) and Faculty of Biology-CIBUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Aquatic One Health Research Center (iARCUS) and Faculty of Biology-CIBUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2024 Nov;154:109943. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109943. Epub 2024 Oct 5.
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) have been gained increasing attention in vaccinology due to their ability to induce strong protective humoral and cell-mediated immunity. The Gram-negative bacterium Tenacibaculum maritimum, the causative agent of marine tenacibaculosis, poses a significant challenge to the global aquaculture industry due to its difficult prophylaxis. In previous studies, we demonstrated that OMV production is a key virulence mechanism in T. maritimum. Building on this, the present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a natural, encapsulated multi-antigen vaccine made from adjuvant-free, crude T. maritimum OMVs (Tm-OMVs). A vaccination experiment using SP9.1-OMVs was conducted in juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.), followed by a T. maritimum bath challenge. Immune responses in the turbot were assessed by measuring anti-Tm antibody levels and analyzing the expression of eight key immune-related genes (il-1β, il-8, il-22, pcna, c3, cd4-1, ifng2, cd8α). The results showed that immunization with SP9.1-OMVs provided significant protection against T. maritimum infection (RPS = 70 %). Vaccinated fish exhibited a dose-dependent increase in anti-Tm antibody titers in blood plasma, along with rapid induction of both innate (il-1β, il-8, il-22, c3) and adaptive (cd4-1, ifng2, cd8α) immune genes as early as 4 h post-bath challenge. These findings offer new insights into the early immune response of turbot following T. maritimum infection and could serve as a foundation for developing novel OMV-based vaccines.
外膜囊泡（OMVs）因其能够诱导强烈的保护性体液和细胞介导免疫而在疫苗学中受到越来越多的关注。革兰氏阴性菌海洋分枝杆菌是海洋分枝杆菌病的病原体，由于其难以预防，对全球水产养殖业构成了重大挑战。在之前的研究中，我们证明了 OMV 的产生是 T. maritimum 的关键毒力机制。在此基础上，本研究旨在评估一种由无佐剂、粗制 T. maritimum OMVs（Tm-OMVs）制成的天然、封装多抗原疫苗的功效。在幼年大菱鲆（Scophthalmus maximus L.）中进行了 SP9.1-OMVs 疫苗接种实验，随后进行了 T. maritimum 浴挑战。通过测量抗-Tm 抗体水平和分析 8 个关键免疫相关基因（il-1β、il-8、il-22、pcna、c3、cd4-1、ifng2、cd8α）的表达来评估大菱鲆的免疫反应。结果表明，SP9.1-OMVs 免疫可显著提供针对 T. maritimum 感染的保护（RPS=70%）。接种疫苗的鱼在血浆中表现出抗-Tm 抗体滴度的剂量依赖性增加，并且在浴挑战后 4 小时内，先天（il-1β、il-8、il-22、c3）和适应性（cd4-1、ifng2、cd8α）免疫基因迅速诱导。这些发现为 T. maritimum 感染后大菱鲆的早期免疫反应提供了新的见解，并可为开发新型 OMV 疫苗奠定基础。
