Paniccià Marco, Acito Mattia, Grappasonni Iolanda
School of Medicinal and Health Products Sciences, University of Camerino, Italy.
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Italy.
Ann Ig. 2025 May-Jun;37(3):333-349. doi: 10.7416/ai.2024.2654. Epub 2024 Oct 3.
The analysis of the complex interactions between outdoor or indoor greenness and the health of individuals and ecosystems is a topic of current and growing interest.
This review aims to examine and summarise the results of studies conducted to evaluate the effects of exposure to greenness on various aspects of human health and the natural environment.
For this purpose, in April 2024 we searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, Google Scholar and specialised books.
Evidence gathered demonstrates a remarkable correlation between exposure to outdoor and indoor greenness and the improvement of mental health, including the reduction of stress, anxiety, and depression. Contact with greenness is also associated with improvements in physical health, such as reductions in blood pressure, heart rate, and inflammation, as well as in cognitive abilities, concentration, and overall recovery. These benefits are recognisable both in outdoor spaces, such as urban parks, oases, and public gardens, and in indoor spaces, through the introduction of plants and nature-evoking elements in living and working environments. The presence of vegetation in indoor environments, such as offices, schools, healthcare facilities, prisons, and others, can contribute to improving the quality of social spaces, fostering communication, and collaboration, and attenuating aggressiveness and inequalities, thereby increasing employee satisfaction and work efficiency. The combination of outdoor/indoor green spaces and the well-being of the living environment includes exposure to greater biodiversity, mitigation of extreme weather events, absorption of atmospheric pollutants, attenuation of urban background noise, and increased privacy. The presence of vegetation in urban areas has a positive impact on social cohesion, promoting interpersonal interaction and facilitating the development of more cohesive and inclusive communities, thus supporting a sense of belonging and collective identity.
In conclusion, these results underline the importance of considering contact with greenness as a fundamental element in promoting the psychophysical health and well-being of individuals and ecosystems, suggesting the adoption of nature-based therapies and interventions in public health policies and urban planning practices.
分析室外或室内绿色环境与个人健康及生态系统之间的复杂相互作用，是当前一个且关注度不断增加的话题。
本综述旨在审视和总结为评估接触绿色环境对人类健康和自然环境各方面的影响而开展的研究结果。
为此，我们在2024年4月检索了PubMed、科学网和Scopus数据库、谷歌学术以及专业书籍。
收集到的证据表明，接触室外和室内绿色环境与心理健康的改善之间存在显著关联，包括压力、焦虑和抑郁的减轻。与绿色环境的接触还与身体健康的改善相关，如血压、心率和炎症的降低，以及认知能力、注意力和整体恢复能力的提升。这些益处无论是在室外空间，如城市公园、绿洲和公共花园，还是在室内空间，通过在生活和工作环境中引入植物和唤起自然的元素都能体现出来。室内环境（如办公室、学校、医疗设施、监狱等）中植被的存在有助于提高社会空间的质量，促进交流与协作，减轻攻击性和不平等现象，从而提高员工满意度和工作效率。室外/室内绿色空间与生活环境福祉的结合包括接触更丰富的生物多样性、缓解极端天气事件、吸收大气污染物、减弱城市背景噪音以及增加隐私性。城市地区植被的存在对社会凝聚力有积极影响，促进人际互动，推动更具凝聚力和包容性的社区发展，从而增强归属感和集体认同感。
总之，这些结果强调了将接触绿色环境视为促进个人身心健康和生态系统福祉的基本要素的重要性，建议在公共卫生政策和城市规划实践中采用基于自然的疗法和干预措施。
