Cohen Deborah A, Liu In-Lu Amy, Chen Aiyu, Teichrow Devin, Shen Ernest
Kaiser Permanente Research and Evaluation, 100 S Los Robles, Pasadena, CA, 91101, USA.
J Urban Health. 2025 Sep 2. doi: 10.1007/s11524-025-00997-6.
Parks have been associated with more physical activity and better health, but the relationship between health and how funds are expended for park programming, maintenance, or other expenses has not yet been investigated. For the largest 100 US cities, the average spending for parks and recreation in 2022-2023 was $126 per capita, with $37.59 per capita for programming and $63.11 per capita for maintenance. In contrast, the spending for health care in 2022 was $13,493 per capita. The goal of this study was to assess which allocations by Depts of Parks and Recreation are related to health outcomes. We tested the association between per capita spending in programming, maintenance, and total spending in 2022 by Depts. of Parks and Recreation in 10 Southern California cities and health outcomes among 732,504 adult members of Kaiser Permanente in 2022-2023 accounting for multiple factors. For every $30 per capita spent on programming, the prevalence ratios were lower: 0.87 for stroke (CI 0.84-0.90), 0.87 for heart failure (CI 0.84-0.89), 0.92 for atrial fibrillation (CI 0.90-0.95), 0.93 for coronary heart disease (CI 0.91-0.95), 0.94 for obesity (CI 0.93-0.95), 0.96 for type 2 diabetes (CI 0.95-0.97), and 0.96 for hypertension (CI 0.96-0.97). It is likely that programming has a stronger relationship than park maintenance with health outcomes because sports, exercise classes, and events (5 K walks and runs) more strongly attract park visitors and support physical activity (PA). While this novel study is promising, a longitudinal study is needed to prove causality.
公园与更多的体育活动和更好的健康状况相关联，但健康与公园规划、维护或其他费用的资金支出方式之间的关系尚未得到研究。在美国最大的100个城市中，2022 - 2023年公园和娱乐的人均支出为126美元，其中人均37.59美元用于规划，人均63.11美元用于维护。相比之下，2022年医疗保健支出为人均13493美元。本研究的目的是评估公园和娱乐部门的哪些资金分配与健康结果相关。我们测试了2022年南加州10个城市的公园和娱乐部门在规划、维护方面的人均支出以及总支出与2022 - 2023年凯撒医疗集团732504名成年成员的健康结果之间的关联，并考虑了多个因素。在规划方面，人均每支出30美元，患病率比值就更低：中风为0.87（置信区间0.84 - 0.90），心力衰竭为0.87（置信区间0.84 - 0.89），心房颤动为0.92（置信区间0.90 - 0.95），冠心病为0.93（置信区间0.91 - 0.95），肥胖为0.94（置信区间0.93 - 0.95），2型糖尿病为0.96（置信区间0.95 - 0.97），高血压为0.96（置信区间0.96 - 0.97）。与公园维护相比，规划可能与健康结果的关系更强，因为体育活动、健身课程和赛事（5公里步行和跑步）更能有力地吸引公园游客并支持体育活动（PA）。虽然这项新颖的研究很有前景，但需要进行纵向研究来证明因果关系。
