Hernández-Duarte Wilder Alfonso
Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios (UNIMINUTO), Bogotá, Colombia.
Rev Bras Med Trab. 2024 Sep 24;22(2):e20231117. doi: 10.47626/1679-4435-2023-1117. eCollection 2024 Apr-Jun.
The relationship of risk factors with musculoskeletal disorders and their intervention is a topic of interest, given their prevalence among workers. Thus, analyzing risk factors from approaches such as the gender perspective may be an alternative.
To analyze risk factors in a health entity with a high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in upper limbs and to describe possible intervention measures according to scientific evidence, from a gender perspective.
This is an analytical study. A questionnaire was applied to 93 workers on demographic aspects, presence of factors related to the environment, the task, and the organization, extra-work activities related to musculoskeletal disorders in the upper limbs. Chi-square was used to identify significant relationships between the sex variable and individual, occupational, and non-occupational factors, corroborated by Fisher's test and prevalence ratio. According to the associations identified, a literature review was carried out to establish possible strategies.
Significant relationships were found between the sex variable and task-related factors such as the presence of repetitive or sudden movements (p < 0.05), supporting postulates of labor segregation. According to the literature consulted, the effectiveness of activities such as physical preparation and adaptation of the workplace under professional guidance, training activities, and breaks is discussed. It is important to review organizational factors.
By identifying significant relationships between the sex variable and task-related factors, the present study contributes to the postulate of labor segregation, in terms of concentration of female labor in activities with particular working conditions. Regarding literature and actions, it is important to generate more studies from this perspective.
鉴于风险因素在工人中的普遍存在，其与肌肉骨骼疾病的关系及其干预措施是一个备受关注的话题。因此，从性别视角等方法分析风险因素可能是一种选择。
从性别视角分析上肢肌肉骨骼疾病高发的健康机构中的风险因素，并根据科学证据描述可能的干预措施。
这是一项分析性研究。对93名工人进行问卷调查，内容涉及人口统计学方面、与环境、任务和组织相关的因素的存在情况、与上肢肌肉骨骼疾病相关的工作外活动。使用卡方检验来确定性别变量与个体、职业和非职业因素之间的显著关系，并通过费舍尔检验和患病率比进行佐证。根据确定的关联进行文献综述以制定可能的策略。
发现性别变量与任务相关因素之间存在显著关系，如重复性或突然性动作的存在（p < 0.05），支持了劳动隔离的假设。根据所查阅的文献，讨论了诸如在专业指导下进行身体准备和工作场所适应性调整、培训活动以及休息等活动的有效性。审查组织因素很重要。
通过确定性别变量与任务相关因素之间的显著关系，本研究在女性劳动力集中于特定工作条件活动方面，对劳动隔离假设做出了贡献。关于文献和行动，从这个角度开展更多研究很重要。
