Panda Deepika, Pandit Rabi Sankar, Sahu Bijayalaxmi, Kamaraju Raghavendra, Barik Tapan Kumar
Department of Zoology Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar 760007, Odisha, India.
Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP) State Surveillance Unit, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751001, India.
J Trop Med. 2024 Sep 28;2024:9701356. doi: 10.1155/2024/9701356. eCollection 2024.
Mosquitoes are the best-known disease vectors for most vector-borne diseases that significantly impact global health in terms of morbidity and mortality. In a geographical area, mosquito faunal diversity often alters with changing climatic factors and variable breeding habitats that differ across seasons. Using biodiversity indicators as tools, a study was conducted in rural, peri-urban, and urban areas of district Ganjam, Odisha state, to determine mosquito faunal diversity as an approach to forecast the possible risk of disease transmission in the three representative topographies. A two-year study was undertaken to assess the alpha diversity of mosquito species by the numerical strength of the species using various eco-diversity indices. Species richness and abundance of mosquito species are significantly higher in peri-urban areas compared to urban and rural areas. The species dominance of was observed in all three topographies, while , , and were in urban areas. Species richness may dilute the risk of disease in an area, but increased species dominance, mostly vector species, in a new habitat often allows pathogens to infect newer communities at risk, leading to the emergence of new diseases. The current study indicates the possible risk of lymphatic filariasis (LF) infection in all three topographies. On the other hand, the risk of malaria and dengue/chikungunya transmission is higher in urban areas. With routine entomological monitoring, including vector incrimination, the biodiversity indicators will be the best tool to forecast the risk of vector-borne diseases in an area; accordingly, judicious vector control strategies can be adopted.
蚊子是大多数媒介传播疾病最为人熟知的疾病媒介，这些疾病在发病率和死亡率方面对全球健康产生重大影响。在一个地理区域内，蚊子动物区系的多样性常常随着气候因素的变化以及不同季节各异的繁殖栖息地而改变。利用生物多样性指标作为工具，在奥里萨邦甘贾姆区的农村、城郊和城市地区开展了一项研究，以确定蚊子动物区系的多样性，作为预测这三种代表性地形中疾病传播潜在风险的一种方法。开展了一项为期两年的研究，通过使用各种生态多样性指数，依据物种的数量来评估蚊子物种的α多样性。与城市和农村地区相比，城郊地区蚊子物种的丰富度和丰度显著更高。在所有三种地形中均观察到了 的物种优势度，而在城市地区则观察到了 、 和 的物种优势度。物种丰富度可能会降低一个地区的疾病风险，但在新栖息地中物种优势度增加（主要是媒介物种），往往会使病原体感染更多有风险的新群落，从而导致新疾病的出现。当前的研究表明，在所有三种地形中都存在淋巴丝虫病（LF）感染的潜在风险。另一方面，城市地区疟疾和登革热/基孔肯雅热传播的风险更高。通过包括媒介鉴定在内的常规昆虫学监测，生物多样性指标将成为预测一个地区媒介传播疾病风险的最佳工具；据此，可以采取明智的媒介控制策略。
