文献检索，用中文搜 PubMed

BACKGROUND

Over the past two decades, Cameroon has recorded one of the highest rates of urban population growth in sub-Saharan Africa. It is estimated that more than 67% of Cameroon's urban population lives in slums, and the situation is far from improving as these neighbourhoods are growing at an annual rate of 5.5%. However, it is not known how this rapid and uncontrolled urbanization affects vector populations and disease transmission in urban versus rural areas. In this study, we analyse data from studies conducted on mosquito-borne diseases in Cameroon between 2002 and 2021 to determine the distribution of mosquito species and the prevalence of diseases they transmit with regards to urban areas versus rural areas.

METHODS

A search of various online databases, such as PubMed, Hinari, Google and Google Scholar, was conducted for relevant articles. A total of 85 publications/reports were identified and reviewed for entomological and epidemiological data from the ten regions of Cameroon.

RESULTS

Analysis of the findings from the reviewed articles revealed 10 diseases transmitted by mosquitoes to humans across the study regions. Most of these diseases were recorded in the Northwest Region, followed by the North, Far North and Eastern Regions. Data were collected from 37 urban and 28 rural sites. In the urban areas, dengue prevalence increased from 14.55% (95% confidence interval [CI] 5.2-23.9%) in 2002-2011 to 29.84% (95% CI 21-38.7%) in 2012-2021. In rural areas, diseases such as Lymphatic filariasis and Rift valley fever, which were not present in 2002-2011, appeared in 2012-2021, with a prevalence of 0.4% (95% CI 0.0- 2.4%) and 10% (95% CI 0.6-19.4%), respectively. Malaria prevalence remained the same in urban areas (67%; 95% CI 55.6-78.4%) between the two periods, while it significantly decreased in rural areas from 45.87% (95% CI 31.1-60.6%) in 2002-2011 to 39% (95% CI 23.7-54.3%) in the 2012-2021 period (*P = 0.04). Seventeen species of mosquitoes were identified as involved in the transmission of these diseases, of which 11 were involved in the transmission of malaria, five in the transmission of arboviruses and one in the transmission of malaria and lymphatic filariasis. The diversity of mosquito species was greater in rural areas than in urban areas during both periods. Of the articles reviewed for the 2012-2021 period, 56% reported the presence of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato in urban areas compared to 42% reported in 2002-2011. The presence of Aedes aegypti increased in urban areas in 2012-2021 but this species was absent in rural areas. Ownership of long-lasting insecticidal nets varied greatly from one setting to another.

CONCLUSIONS

The current findings suggest that, in addition to malaria control strategies, vector-borne disease control approaches in Cameroon should include strategies against lymphatic filariasis and Rift Valley fever in rural areas, and against dengue and Zika viruses in urban areas.

BACKGROUND

METHODS

RESULTS

CONCLUSIONS

背景

在过去的二十年中，喀麦隆记录了撒哈拉以南非洲城市人口增长率最高的国家之一。据估计，超过 67%的喀麦隆城市人口生活在贫民窟中，而且由于这些社区的年增长率为 5.5%，情况远未改善。然而，目前还不清楚这种快速和不受控制的城市化如何影响城市和农村地区的病媒种群和疾病传播。在这项研究中，我们分析了 2002 年至 2021 年期间在喀麦隆进行的关于蚊媒疾病的研究数据，以确定蚊子种类的分布以及它们传播的疾病的流行情况，分别针对城市和农村地区。

方法

我们在各种在线数据库（如 PubMed、Hinari、Google 和 Google Scholar）中进行了搜索，以查找相关文章。总共确定了 85 篇出版物/报告，并对喀麦隆十个地区的昆虫学和流行病学数据进行了审查。

结果

对审查文章的结果进行分析，发现了十种通过蚊子传播给人类的疾病。这些疾病大多在西北地区记录，其次是北部、极北和东部地区。数据来自 37 个城市和 28 个农村地点。在城市地区，2002-2011 年登革热的流行率从 14.55%（95%置信区间[CI] 5.2-23.9%）增加到 2012-2021 年的 29.84%（95% CI 21-38.7%）。在农村地区，2002-2011 年不存在的淋巴丝虫病和裂谷热等疾病在 2012-2021 年出现，流行率分别为 0.4%（95% CI 0.0-2.4%）和 10%（95% CI 0.6-19.4%）。这两个时期城市地区的疟疾流行率保持不变（67%；95% CI 55.6-78.4%），而农村地区的疟疾流行率显著下降，从 2002-2011 年的 45.87%（95% CI 31.1-60.6%）下降到 2012-2021 年的 39%（95% CI 23.7-54.3%）（*P=0.04）。确定了 17 种蚊子参与了这些疾病的传播，其中 11 种参与了疟疾的传播，5 种参与了虫媒病毒的传播，1 种参与了疟疾和淋巴丝虫病的传播。在这两个时期，蚊子种类的多样性在农村地区都大于城市地区。在审查 2012-2021 年期间的文章中，56%的文章报告在城市地区存在冈比亚按蚊 s.l.，而 2002-2011 年报告的比例为 42%。2012-2021 年期间，城市地区的埃及伊蚊数量增加，但该物种在农村地区不存在。长效驱虫蚊帐的拥有量因环境而异。