Morsch Patricia, Hommes Carolina, Fernandes Arthur Gustavo, Limburg Hans, Furtado João Marcello, Vega Enrique
Pan American Health Organization Washington, D.C. United States of America Pan American Health Organization, Washington, D.C., United States of America.
University of Calgary Calgary Canada University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2024 Oct 7;48:e101. doi: 10.26633/RPSP.2024.101. eCollection 2024.
To determine the prevalence and causes of vision loss and calculate the effective cataract surgery coverage (eCSC) in adults aged 60 years and older in Latin America and the Caribbean in 2020.
The International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness Vision Atlas and the Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness databases were used as data source. The collected data were used to estimate the prevalence and causes of vision loss in people aged 60 years and older, and to determine the eCSC.
The overall prevalence of moderate to severe vision impairment (MSVI) and blindness in Latin America and the Caribbean were 14.14% and 2.94%, respectively. Tropical Latin America was the subregion with the highest prevalence of blindness (3.89%) while Southern Latin America had the lowest (0.96%). For both MSVI and blindness, cataract was the main cause of vision loss. The eCSC rates showed great variation, ranging from 4.0% in Guatemala to 75.2% in Suriname.
The prevalence of vision loss in adults aged 60 years and older in Latin America and the Caribbean was higher than previous estimates on younger groups. Cataract was the main cause of blindness, and the eCSC indicates that the outcomes from cataract surgery should be improved. Specific actions associated with improving access, integrating eye assessment with primary care programs, expanding the use of telemedicine, and improving data quality should be taken by public health authorities aiming to address vision loss in this group.
确定2020年拉丁美洲和加勒比地区60岁及以上成年人视力丧失的患病率和原因，并计算有效白内障手术覆盖率（eCSC）。
以国际防盲机构视力地图集和可避免盲快速评估数据库作为数据来源。收集的数据用于估计60岁及以上人群视力丧失的患病率和原因，并确定eCSC。
拉丁美洲和加勒比地区中度至重度视力损害（MSVI）和失明的总体患病率分别为14.14%和2.94%。热带拉丁美洲是失明患病率最高的次区域（3.89%），而南拉丁美洲最低（0.96%）。对于MSVI和失明，白内障都是视力丧失的主要原因。eCSC率差异很大，从危地马拉的4.0%到苏里南的75.2%不等。
拉丁美洲和加勒比地区60岁及以上成年人的视力丧失患病率高于此前对较年轻群体的估计。白内障是失明的主要原因，eCSC表明白内障手术的效果有待改善。公共卫生当局应采取与改善就医机会、将眼部评估与初级保健项目相结合、扩大远程医疗的使用以及提高数据质量相关的具体行动，以解决该群体的视力丧失问题。
