Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China.
Key Laboratory of Uygur Medicine, Xinjiang Institute of Materia Medica, Urumqi, China.
Front Immunol. 2024 Sep 23;15:1461756. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1461756. eCollection 2024.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by synovial inflammation of joints in response to autoimmune disorders. Once triggered, many factors were involved in the development of RA, including both cellular factors like osteoclasts, synovial fibroblasts, T cells, B cells, and soluble factors like interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, IL-17 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), etc. The complex interplay of those factors results in such pathological abnormality as synovial hyperplasia, bone injury and multi-joint inflammation. To treat this chronic life-affecting disease, the primary drugs used in easing the patient's symptoms are disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). However, these traditional drugs could cause serious side effects, such as high blood pressure and stomach ulcers. Interestingly, recent discoveries on the pathogenesis of RA have led to various new kinds of drugs or therapeutic strategies. Therefore, we present a timely review of the latest development in this field, focusing on the cellular aspects of RA pathogenesis and new therapeutic methods in clinical application. Hopefully it can provide translational guide to the pre-clinical research and treatment for the autoimmune joint disease.
类风湿关节炎（RA）是一种自身免疫性疾病，其特征是关节滑膜炎症对自身免疫紊乱的反应。一旦触发，许多因素参与了 RA 的发展，包括破骨细胞、滑膜成纤维细胞、T 细胞、B 细胞等细胞因子，以及白细胞介素-1（IL-1）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、白细胞介素-17（IL-17）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）等可溶性因子。这些因素的复杂相互作用导致滑膜增生、骨损伤和多关节炎症等病理异常。为了治疗这种影响生活的慢性疾病，用于缓解患者症状的主要药物是改善病情的抗风湿药物（DMARDs）。然而，这些传统药物会引起严重的副作用，如高血压和胃溃疡。有趣的是，最近对 RA 发病机制的发现导致了各种新的药物或治疗策略。因此，我们及时综述了这一领域的最新进展，重点介绍了 RA 发病机制的细胞方面以及临床应用中的新治疗方法。希望它能为自身免疫性关节疾病的临床前研究和治疗提供转化指导。
