Mahmoudi Farhad, Mirmosayyeb Omid, Shaabani Elnaz, Ghaffary Elham Moases, Nelson Flavia
Department of Neurology University of Miami Miami Florida USA.
Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University at Buffalo, State University of New York Buffalo New York USA.
Health Sci Rep. 2024 Oct 6;7(10):e70119. doi: 10.1002/hsr2.70119. eCollection 2024 Oct.
The appearance of severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) initiated the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in millions of confirmed cases and numerous fatalities. In response, rapid vaccine development efforts were launched to mitigate the pandemic's impact. Despite the high efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines, they are also associated with several common side effects/complications, some of them specific to the multiple sclerosis population. Our goal is to review various types of COVID-19 vaccines, assessing their efficacy, adverse events, their association with an MS relapse following vaccination, and the influence of disease modifying therapies (DMTs) on vaccines' efficacy.
The review was based on a database search that included PubMed/Medline, Embase, Scopus, and the Web of Science conducted from January 2020 to July 2024 using the following MeSH terms: MS, COVID-19, COVID-19 vaccination, vaccine side effects, and vaccine hesitancy.
Receiving any type of COVID-19 vaccine is a safer and more reliable approach to building immunity compared to becoming infected with the virus. Complications tend to be mild to moderate, occasionally severe. DMTs could affect the humoral response to the COVID-19 vaccine. Among all DMTs, a notable reduction in the humoral response has been observed in patients who received anti-CD20 and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator drugs after their COVID-19 vaccination.
Despite certain drawbacks, the benefits of the COVID-19 vaccine significantly outweigh the associated risks, making it a recommended course of action for people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). However, physicians need to be mindful of potential complications especially in patients undergoing anti CD20 and manage them appropriately.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）的出现引发了新冠疫情，导致数百万确诊病例和众多死亡病例。作为应对措施，人们迅速展开了疫苗研发工作以减轻疫情的影响。尽管新冠疫苗具有高效性，但它们也与一些常见的副作用/并发症相关，其中一些副作用/并发症是多发性硬化症人群所特有的。我们的目标是回顾各类新冠疫苗，评估其疗效、不良事件、接种疫苗后与多发性硬化症复发的关联，以及疾病修正治疗（DMTs）对疫苗疗效的影响。
该综述基于数据库检索，检索范围包括2020年1月至2024年7月期间使用以下医学主题词在PubMed/Medline、Embase、Scopus和科学网进行的检索：多发性硬化症、新冠病毒病、新冠病毒病疫苗接种、疫苗副作用和疫苗犹豫。
与感染病毒相比，接种任何类型的新冠疫苗都是建立免疫力更安全、更可靠的方法。并发症往往为轻至中度，偶尔也会很严重。DMTs可能会影响对新冠疫苗的体液免疫反应。在所有DMTs中，接受抗CD20和1-磷酸鞘氨醇（S1P）受体调节剂药物治疗的患者在接种新冠疫苗后，其体液免疫反应显著降低。
尽管存在某些缺点，但新冠疫苗的益处明显超过相关风险，使其成为多发性硬化症患者（pwMS）推荐的行动方案。然而，医生需要特别注意潜在的并发症，尤其是在接受抗CD20治疗的患者中，并进行适当管理。
