Aladdin Yasser S, Alqarni Danah A, Alamoudi Sheifa W, Alharbi Abdulrahman A, Fudhah Waad A, Alghamdi Ghaida, Attar Ahmed
Neurology Section, Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, SAU.
College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU.
Cureus. 2024 Feb 25;16(2):e54852. doi: 10.7759/cureus.54852. eCollection 2024 Feb.
Background and objective Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In light of the COVID-19 pandemic that emerged in late 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) has endorsed mass immunization to enhance the population's immunity against the virus. However, certain concerns have been raised about the safety of COVID-19 vaccines among patients with autoimmune disorders, including those with multiple sclerosis (MS). Further research is required to address these concerns and to gain deeper insights into the possible complications of COVID-19 vaccines among MS patients. This study aimed to assess the side effects of COVID-19 vaccines among MS patients. Methods An observational cross-sectional study was conducted between May and November 2023 at the National Guard Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. All MS patients enrolled in our local registry system and provided phone numbers were included in the study. A total of 208 MS patients were surveyed via phone interviews, and data were collected regarding their demographics, MS history, COVID-19 history, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status, and their exposure to disease-modifying therapies (DMTs). All results were analyzed using Stata software. Statistical significance was set at a CI of 95% and a p-value <0.05. Results In our cohort, 128 (61.5%) patients had received three doses of the COVID-19 vaccine, while 68 (32.7%) had received two doses; four patients (2.0%) had received only one dose, five (2.4%) had not received the vaccine, and the number of doses was unknown for the remaining three patients (1.4%). The BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine from Pfizer-BioNTech was the most commonly administered (n=136 patients, 66.0%), followed byChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccine from Oxford-AstraZeneca (n=47 patients, 22.8%), and mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine from Moderna (n=5 patients, 2.4%). Of note, 139 patients (69.5%) reported experiencing adverse events after receiving the vaccine, and the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccine from Oxford-AstraZeneca was significantly associated with higher rates of side effects, in 87.8% of the patients. Conclusion A sizable proportion of MS patients experienced self-limiting side effects from exposure to the COVID-19 vaccine. The rates and incidence of side effects were similar to those encountered in the general population. None of the adverse effects recorded in our population of MS patients were serious or life-threatening. We recommend that physicians encourage patients with MS who have never received COVID-19 vaccination to get promptly vaccinated as the risks of COVID-19 infection far outweigh the minor risks associated with COVID-19 vaccination.
背景与目的 严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）是2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的病原体。鉴于2019年末出现的COVID-19大流行，世界卫生组织（WHO）已批准大规模免疫接种以增强人群对该病毒的免疫力。然而，对于自身免疫性疾病患者，包括多发性硬化症（MS）患者，人们对COVID-19疫苗的安全性提出了某些担忧。需要进一步研究以解决这些担忧，并更深入地了解MS患者中COVID-19疫苗可能出现的并发症。本研究旨在评估MS患者中COVID-19疫苗的副作用。方法 2023年5月至11月在沙特阿拉伯吉达的国民警卫队医院进行了一项观察性横断面研究。所有纳入我们当地登记系统并提供电话号码的MS患者均纳入研究。通过电话访谈对总共208名MS患者进行了调查，并收集了有关他们的人口统计学、MS病史、COVID-19病史、SARS-CoV-2疫苗接种状况以及他们接受疾病修饰疗法（DMTs）的情况的数据。所有结果均使用Stata软件进行分析。统计学显著性设定为95%的置信区间和p值<0.05。结果 在我们的队列中，128名（61.5%）患者接种了三剂COVID-19疫苗，而68名（32.7%）患者接种了两剂；4名患者（2.0%）仅接种了一剂，5名（2.4%）未接种疫苗，其余3名患者（1.4%）的接种剂数未知。辉瑞 - 生物NTech公司的BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19疫苗是最常用的（n = 136名患者，66.0%），其次是牛津 - 阿斯利康公司的ChAdOx1 nCoV-19疫苗（n = 47名患者，22.8%），以及莫德纳公司的mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2疫苗（n = 5名患者，2.4%）。值得注意的是，139名患者（69.5%）报告在接种疫苗后出现了不良事件，牛津 - 阿斯利康公司的ChAdOx1 nCoV-19疫苗与更高的副作用发生率显著相关，在87.8%的患者中出现。结论 相当一部分MS患者在接种COVID-19疫苗后出现了自限性副作用。副作用的发生率和发生率与普通人群中遇到的相似。我们的MS患者群体中记录的不良反应均不严重或危及生命。我们建议医生鼓励从未接种过COVID-19疫苗的MS患者立即接种疫苗，因为COVID-19感染的风险远超过与COVID-19疫苗接种相关的轻微风险。
