Sivamaruthi Bhagavathi Sundaram, Sisubalan Natarajan, Wang Shucai, Kesika Periyanaina, Chaiyasut Chaiyavat
Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
Mini Rev Med Chem. 2025;25(5):403-424. doi: 10.2174/0113895575331878240924035332.
Green tea (GT) is rich in phyto-active compounds such as epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), epigallocatechin (EGC), epicatechin gallate (ECG), epicatechin (EC), catechin, and tannic acid, which exhibit synergistic effects when combined. Preclinical studies demonstrate that GT and its compounds can reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS), enhance antioxidant capacity, and alleviate aging-related issues such as memory impairments, cognitive decline, and shortened lifespan. Clinical trials corroborate the efficacy of topical GT formulations in improving skin tone, texture, and elasticity and reducing wrinkles. The present manuscript summarizes the recent update on the anti-aging potential of GT and its possible mechanisms. The literature survey suggests that GT consumption is linked to improved cognition, reduced depression levels, and activation of pathways in model organisms like C. elegans. Additionally, tea polyphenols enhance fibroblast mitophagy, boost hippocampal synaptic plasticity in rodents, and mitigate age-related cognitive decline. Moreover, EGCG exhibits anti-aging properties by reducing TNF-induced MMP-1 expression, suppressing ERK signaling, and inhibiting MEK and Src phosphorylation in human dermal fibroblasts. In the context of skin permeation and deposition, optimized transfersomal formulation (TF) incorporating EGCG and hyaluronic acid (HA) demonstrates significantly increased skin permeation and deposition of EGCG compared to plain EGCG. Furthermore, EGCG protects cardiomyocytes via the PPARγ pathway and combats age-related muscle loss through miRNA-486-5p regulation, AKT activation, and FoxO1a-mediated expression of MuRF1 and Atrogin-1. In conclusion, the regular consumption of GT holds promise for promoting physical and mental health, delaying brain and skin aging, and improving overall health by enhancing total antioxidant capacity.
绿茶富含表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯（EGCG）、表没食子儿茶素（EGC）、表儿茶素没食子酸酯（ECG）、表儿茶素（EC）、儿茶素和单宁酸等植物活性化合物，这些化合物组合时具有协同作用。临床前研究表明，绿茶及其化合物可减少活性氧（ROS）、增强抗氧化能力，并缓解与衰老相关的问题，如记忆障碍、认知衰退和寿命缩短。临床试验证实了局部使用绿茶配方在改善肤色、质地和弹性以及减少皱纹方面的功效。本手稿总结了绿茶抗衰老潜力及其可能机制的最新进展。文献调查表明，饮用绿茶与改善认知、降低抑郁水平以及在秀丽隐杆线虫等模式生物中激活相关通路有关。此外，茶多酚可增强成纤维细胞的线粒体自噬，促进啮齿动物海马体的突触可塑性，并减轻与年龄相关的认知衰退。此外，EGCG通过降低肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）诱导的基质金属蛋白酶-1（MMP-1）表达、抑制细胞外信号调节激酶（ERK）信号传导以及抑制人皮肤成纤维细胞中的丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MEK）和Src磷酸化来展现其抗衰老特性。在皮肤渗透和沉积方面，与普通EGCG相比，含有EGCG和透明质酸（HA）的优化传递体配方（TF）显示EGCG的皮肤渗透和沉积显著增加。此外，EGCG通过过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ（PPARγ）途径保护心肌细胞，并通过微小RNA-486-5p调节、蛋白激酶B（AKT）激活以及叉头框蛋白O1a（FoxO1a）介导的肌肉萎缩相关蛋白1（MuRF1）和肌肉萎缩F-box蛋白1（Atrogin-1）表达来对抗与年龄相关的肌肉流失。总之，经常饮用绿茶有望通过增强总抗氧化能力来促进身心健康、延缓大脑和皮肤衰老并改善整体健康状况。
