Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, China.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2024;64(22):7959-7980. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2194419. Epub 2023 Apr 3.
Matcha, a powder processed from tea leaves, has a unique green tea flavor and appealing color, in addition to many other sought after functional properties for a wide range of formulated food applications (e.g., dairy products, bakery products, and beverage). The properties of matcha are influenced by cultivation method and processing post-harvest. The transition from drinking tea infusion to eating whole leaves provides a healthy option for the delivery of functional component and tea phenolics in various food matrix. The aim of this review is to describe the physico-chemical properties of matcha, the specific requirements for tea cultivation and industrial processing. The quality of matcha mainly depends on the quality of fresh tea leaves, which is affected by preharvest factors including tea cultivar, shading treatment, and fertilization. Shading is the key measure to increase greenness, reduce bitterness and astringency, and enhance taste of matcha. The potential health benefits of matcha and the gastrointestinal fate of main phenolics in matcha are covered. The chemical compositions and bioactivities of fiber-bound phenolics in matcha and other plant materials are discussed. The fiber-bound phenolics are considered promising components which endow matcha with boosted bioavailability of phenolics and health benefits through modulating gut microbiota.
抹茶是一种由茶叶加工而成的粉末，具有独特的绿茶风味和诱人的色泽，此外还有许多其他备受追捧的功能特性，适用于各种配方食品应用（例如乳制品、烘焙食品和饮料）。抹茶的特性受到种植方法和收获后加工的影响。从饮用茶浸出液到食用整片叶子的转变，为各种食品基质中功能性成分和茶酚类物质的输送提供了一种健康的选择。本综述的目的是描述抹茶的物理化学性质，以及茶叶种植和工业加工的特殊要求。抹茶的质量主要取决于鲜茶叶的质量，而鲜茶叶的质量又受到包括茶树品种、遮荫处理和施肥在内的收获前因素的影响。遮荫是增加绿色度、降低苦味和涩味以及提高抹茶口感的关键措施。本文还介绍了抹茶的潜在健康益处以及抹茶中主要酚类物质在胃肠道中的命运。讨论了抹茶和其他植物材料中纤维结合酚类的化学组成和生物活性。纤维结合酚类被认为是有前途的成分，通过调节肠道微生物群，赋予抹茶酚类物质和健康益处更高的生物利用度。
