Faculty of Agronomy, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Student at Faculty of Agronomy, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam.
PLoS One. 2024 Oct 8;19(10):e0309777. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0309777. eCollection 2024.
Genotype × environment (GxE) interaction effects are one of the major challenges in identifying cultivars with stable performance across agri-environments. In this study we analysed GE interactions to identify quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) cultivars with high and stable yields under different soil moisture regimes, representing control conditions, waterlogging and drought. Waterlogging and drought treatments were artificially induced using normoxia, a combination of hypoxia-normoxia, and 10% PEG (Polyethylene glycol) under hydroponic growth conditions, respectively. Both waterlogging and drought conditions significantly reduced the plant height (PH), number of leaves (NoL) and number of branches (NoB), stem diameter (SD), leaf area (LA) and dry weight (DW) of quinoa genotypes. The genotype, water regime, and genotype by water regime effects all significantly affected the measured quinoa traits. Based on the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model for DW, the genotypes G18, Puno, Q4, 2-Want, Puno, Real1 x Ruy937 and Titicaca were found to exhibit tolerance and were stable across water regimes. A second-stage evaluation was conducted to test genotype × environment interaction effects in crop production field trials, selecting two contrasting seasons based on soil moisture conditions involving a diverse set of genotypes (58 varieties in total). Our results demonstrate significant variations in both growth and yield among the quinoa genotypes across the cropping seasons. The GGE analysis for grain yield indicate that field conditions matched to G × E under hydroponic experimental conditions and the cultivars G18, Q1, Q4, NL-3, G28, 42-Test, Atlas and 59-ALC were classified within a range of high productivity. Our findings provide a basis for understanding the mechanisms of wide adaptation, while identifying germplasm that enhances the water stress tolerance of quinoa cultivars at early growth stages.
基因型与环境（GxE）互作是鉴定在不同农业环境下表现稳定的品种的主要挑战之一。本研究分析了 GxE 互作，以鉴定在不同土壤水分条件下具有高且稳定产量的藜麦（Chenopodium quinoa）品种，这些条件分别代表对照条件、淹水和干旱。通过水培生长条件下的常氧、缺氧-常氧组合和 10%PEG（聚乙二醇），人为诱导了淹水和干旱处理。淹水和干旱条件显著降低了藜麦基因型的株高（PH）、叶片数（NoL）、分枝数（NoB）、茎直径（SD）、叶面积（LA）和干重（DW）。基因型、水分条件和基因型与水分条件的互作效应对所测量的藜麦性状均有显著影响。基于 DW 的加性主效应和互作（AMMI）模型，发现基因型 G18、Puno、Q4、2-Want、Puno、Real1 x Ruy937 和 Titicaca 表现出对水分条件的耐受性和在不同水分条件下的稳定性。进行了第二阶段的评估，以在作物生产田间试验中测试基因型×环境互作效应，根据土壤水分条件选择了两个对照季节，涉及一组多样化的基因型（共 58 个品种）。我们的结果表明，在整个种植季节中，藜麦基因型在生长和产量方面都存在显著差异。籽粒产量的 GGE 分析表明，田间条件与水培实验条件下的 G × E 相匹配，并且将基因型 G18、Q1、Q4、NL-3、G28、42-Test、Atlas 和 59-ALC 归类为高生产力范围内。我们的研究结果为理解广泛适应的机制提供了依据，同时鉴定了增强藜麦品种在早期生长阶段耐水胁迫的种质资源。
