失语症中的冲突适应：上调认知控制以提高句子理解能力。
Conflict Adaptation in Aphasia: Upregulating Cognitive Control for Improved Sentence Comprehension.
机构信息
Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute, Elkins Park, PA.
Department of Speech, Language & Hearing Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC.
出版信息
J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2024 Nov 7;67(11):4411-4430. doi: 10.1044/2024_JSLHR-23-00768. Epub 2024 Oct 8.
PURPOSE
This study investigated conflict adaptation in aphasia, specifically whether upregulating cognitive control improves sentence comprehension.
METHOD
Four individuals with mild aphasia completed four eye tracking sessions with interleaved auditory Stroop and sentence-to-picture matching trials (critical and filler sentences). Auditory Stroop congruency (congruent/incongruent across a male/female voice saying "boy"/"girl") was crossed with sentence congruency (syntactically correct sentences that are semantically plausible/implausible), resulting in four experimental conditions (congruent auditory Stroop followed by incongruent sentence [CI], incongruent auditory Stroop followed by incongruent sentence [II], congruent auditory Stroop followed by congruent sentence [CC], and incongruent auditory Stroop followed by congruent sentence [IC]). Critical sentences were always preceded by auditory Stroop trials. At the end of each session, a five-item questionnaire was administered to assess overall well-being and fatigue. We conducted individual-level mixed-effects regressions on reaction times and growth curve analyses on the proportion of eye fixations to target pictures during incongruent sentences.
RESULTS
One participant showed conflict adaptation indicated by faster reaction times on active sentences and more rapid growth in fixations to target pictures on passive sentences in the II condition compared to the CI condition. Incongruent auditory Stroop also modulated active-sentence processing in an additional participant, as indicated by eye movements.
CONCLUSIONS
This is the first study to observe conflict adaptation in sentence comprehension in people with aphasia. The extent of adaptation varied across individuals. Eye tracking revealed subtler effects than overt behavioral measures. The results extend the study of conflict adaptation beyond neurotypical adults and suggest that upregulating cognitive control may be a potential treatment avenue for some individuals with aphasia.
SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL
目的
本研究旨在探讨失语症患者的冲突适应，特别是认知控制的上调是否能改善句子理解。
方法
4 名轻度失语症患者完成了 4 次眼动跟踪测试，其中穿插了听觉斯特鲁普和句子到图片匹配试验（关键句和填充句）。听觉斯特鲁普的一致性（男声/女声说“男孩”/“女孩”时一致/不一致）与句子的一致性（语法正确但语义合理/不合理的句子）交叉，产生了四个实验条件（一致的听觉斯特鲁普后面跟着不一致的句子[CI]，不一致的听觉斯特鲁普后面跟着不一致的句子[II]，一致的听觉斯特鲁普后面跟着一致的句子[CC]，以及不一致的听觉斯特鲁普后面跟着一致的句子[IC]）。关键句总是在听觉斯特鲁普试验之前。在每个测试阶段结束时，会进行一个包含五个项目的问卷，以评估整体的幸福感和疲劳感。我们对反应时间进行了个体水平的混合效应回归分析，并对不一致句子中目标图片的注视时间比例进行了增长曲线分析。
结果
一名参与者在 II 条件下（与 CI 条件相比），表现出了冲突适应，即在主动句中反应时间更快，在被动句中注视目标图片的速度更快。在另一名参与者中，不一致的听觉斯特鲁普也调节了主动句的处理，这可以从眼动中看出。
结论
这是第一项观察到失语症患者在句子理解中存在冲突适应的研究。适应的程度因人而异。眼动跟踪揭示了比显性行为测量更细微的影响。这些结果将冲突适应的研究扩展到了神经典型成年人之外，并表明认知控制的上调可能是一些失语症患者的潜在治疗途径。
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