Dhandhi Sourav, Goel Bhawna, Chauhan Samrat, Nishal Suchitra, Singh Monika, Jhawat Vikas
Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Healthcare and Allied Science, GD Goenka University, Gurugram, Haryana, India.
Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India.
Tissue Cell. 2024 Dec;91:102578. doi: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102578. Epub 2024 Sep 30.
Wound healing involves complex interactions among skin layers: the epidermis, which epithelializes to cover wounds; the dermis, which supports granulation tissue and collagen production; and the hypodermis, which protects overall skin structure. Key factors include neutrophils, activated by platelet degranulation and cytokines, and fibroblasts, which aid in collagen production during proliferation. The healing process encompasses inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling, with angiogenesis, fibroplasia, and re-epithelialization crucial for wound closure. Angiogenesis is characterized by the creation of collateral veins, the proliferation of endothelial cells, and the recruitment of perivascular cells. Collagen is produced by fibroblasts in granulation tissue, aiding in the contraction of wounds. The immunological response is impacted by T cells and cytokines. External topical application of various formulations and dressings expedites healing and controls microbial contamination. Polymeric materials, both natural and synthetic, and advanced dressings enhance healing by providing biodegradability, biocompatibility, and infection control, thus addressing tissue regeneration challenges. Numerous dressings promote healing, including films, hydrocolloids, hydrogels, foams, alginates, and tissue-engineered substitutes. Wound dressings are treated with growth factors, particularly PDGF, and antibacterial drugs to prevent infection. The challenges of tissue regeneration and infection control are evolving along with the field of wound care.
表皮通过上皮化覆盖伤口；真皮支持肉芽组织和胶原蛋白生成；皮下组织保护整体皮肤结构。关键因素包括由血小板脱颗粒和细胞因子激活的中性粒细胞，以及在增殖过程中协助胶原蛋白生成的成纤维细胞。愈合过程包括炎症、增殖和重塑，血管生成、纤维增生和重新上皮化对伤口闭合至关重要。血管生成的特征是侧支静脉的形成、内皮细胞的增殖以及血管周围细胞的募集。胶原蛋白由肉芽组织中的成纤维细胞产生，有助于伤口收缩。免疫反应受T细胞和细胞因子影响。各种制剂和敷料的外部局部应用可加速愈合并控制微生物污染。天然和合成的聚合材料以及先进敷料通过提供生物可降解性、生物相容性和感染控制来促进愈合，从而应对组织再生挑战。许多敷料可促进愈合，包括薄膜、水胶体、水凝胶、泡沫、藻酸盐和组织工程替代品。伤口敷料用生长因子，特别是血小板衍生生长因子（PDGF）和抗菌药物进行处理以预防感染。随着伤口护理领域的发展，组织再生和感染控制的挑战也在不断变化。
