State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China.
School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Dec 1;954:176721. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176721. Epub 2024 Oct 6.
The apple (Malus domestica), a cultivated fruit extensively grown in temperate regions worldwide, is abundant in nutrients and phytochemicals that promote health. However, the application of pesticides in apple cultivation raises significant concern regarding their influence on food safety. This study investigated the dynamic behavior of five pesticides, including chlorpyrifos, imidacloprid, acetamiprid, carbendazim, prochloraz, in apple trees, utilizing both field experiments and predictive modeling to analyze their distribution, transfer, and degradation patterns. Results from the field experiment revealed that at harvest, the residue levels of the five pesticides on apple were below international and national maximum residue limits. The dynamiCROP modeling results, corresponding to the field trial findings, demonstrated that these pesticides exhibited comparable dissipation patterns across various environmental compartments. The primary sources of pesticides in apples were the air and the fruit surface up to 10 days after application, while the soil and leaf surface became the main sources over time. The transferred pesticides adhered to the apple fruits at varying rates and persist therein. Choosing pesticides with lower impact scores helped reduce the impacts on human health and the environment. The assessment of health risks associated with consuming apples containing pesticide residues suggested that the impact on human health is acceptable. These findings were crucial for apple producers, as they enable the optimization of pesticide application timing to ensure compliance with food safety standards and help improve pesticide management strategies in agriculture. This study is essential for minimizing the environmental impact of pesticides and enhancing sustainable agricultural practices.
苹果（Malus domestica）是一种在全球温带地区广泛种植的栽培水果，富含促进健康的营养物质和植物化学物质。然而，苹果种植中使用农药引起了人们对食品安全的极大关注。本研究通过田间试验和预测模型，调查了包括毒死蜱、吡虫啉、噻虫嗪、多菌灵和丙环唑在内的 5 种农药在苹果树上的动态行为，分析了它们的分布、迁移和降解模式。田间试验结果表明，收获时，苹果上 5 种农药的残留水平低于国际和国家最大残留限量。DynamiCROP 模型结果与田间试验结果一致，表明这些农药在不同环境介质中表现出相似的消解模式。苹果中农药的主要来源是空气和果实表面，施药后 10 天内，随着时间的推移，土壤和叶片表面成为主要来源。迁移到苹果上的农药以不同的速率附着并在其中残留。选择影响评分较低的农药有助于降低对人类健康和环境的影响。评估食用含有农药残留的苹果对人体健康的风险表明，其对人体健康的影响是可以接受的。这些发现对苹果生产者至关重要，因为它们可以优化农药施用时间，确保符合食品安全标准，并有助于改善农业中的农药管理策略。本研究对于减少农药的环境影响和提高可持续农业实践具有重要意义。
