Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China.
Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
Int J Nanomedicine. 2024 Oct 4;19:10129-10144. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S466315. eCollection 2024.
Immunotherapy is a promising cancer treatment because of its ability to sustainably enhance the natural immune response. However, the effects of multiple immunotherapies, including ICIs, are limited by resistance to these agents, immune-related adverse events, and a lack of reasonable therapeutic targets available at the right time and place. The tumor microenvironment (TME), which features tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), plays a significant role in resistance owing to its hypoxic microenvironment and lack of blood vessels, resulting in cancer immune evasion. To enhance immunotherapy, photodynamic therapy (PDT) can increase innate and adaptive immune responses through immunogenic cell death (ICD) and improve the TME. Traditional photosensitizers (PSs) also include novel nanomedicines to precisely target tumor cells or TAMs. Here, we reviewed and summarized current strategies and possible influencing factors for nanomedicines for cancer photoimmunotherapy.
免疫疗法是一种有前途的癌症治疗方法，因为它能够可持续地增强自然免疫反应。然而，多种免疫疗法的效果受到这些药物的耐药性、免疫相关不良事件以及缺乏合理的治疗靶点的限制，这些靶点在合适的时间和地点都无法获得。肿瘤微环境（TME）中存在肿瘤相关巨噬细胞（TAMs），由于其缺氧的微环境和缺乏血管，导致癌症免疫逃逸，因此在耐药性方面发挥着重要作用。为了增强免疫疗法，光动力疗法（PDT）可以通过免疫原性细胞死亡（ICD）增加先天和适应性免疫反应，并改善 TME。传统的光敏剂（PSs）还包括新型纳米药物，以精确靶向肿瘤细胞或 TAMs。在这里，我们综述和总结了癌症光免疫疗法中纳米药物的当前策略和可能的影响因素。
