Kayeye A, Triantafyllou I, Mathur S, Janaudis-Ferreira T
School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
School of Physiology and Pneumology, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Front Sports Act Living. 2024 Sep 24;6:1439399. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1439399. eCollection 2024.
High intensity exercise in individuals post solid organ transplant (SOT) remains a largely understudied phenomenon, with potential risks and benefits. Additionally, the optimal training protocols are still unclear. This narrative review aimed to explore the impact of high-intensity exercise training and strenuous sports on solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs).
We conducted a narrative review of intervention studies of any design that included high-intensity exercise training and cross-sectional studies of strenuous sports and activities. Additionally, we reviewed individual reports documenting post-SOT performance at highly competitive or physiological levels. We used MEDLINE to search for relevant articles followed by a manual search for additional articles. Data were extracted and results were summarized.
High-intensity and strenuous exercise appears to be safe among stable SOTRs. High-intensity protocols consistently demonstrated improvements in VO2peak and a reduction in coronary artery disease prevalence, though findings related to body composition, health-related quality of life outcomes, and cardiovascular exercise variables were inconsistent. Pre-transplant athletes showcase notable achievements and physiological adaptations post-transplantation, highlighting the capacity for athletic performance among this population. However, caution is warranted in interpreting the findings from these studies due to limitations in generalizability and other methodological limitations.
As evidenced by current literature, high intensity exercise emerges as a promising exercise method for safely improving various physiological parameters, and reducing the prevalence of coronary heart disease in SOTRs. It can induce similar or greater effects to moderate intensity exercise, however follow-up studies indicate low retention. Further research of higher methodological rigor is warranted in this field to advance understanding, and to guide evidence-based practice.
实体器官移植（SOT）后个体进行高强度运动仍是一个研究较少的现象，存在潜在风险和益处。此外，最佳训练方案仍不明确。本叙述性综述旨在探讨高强度运动训练和剧烈运动对实体器官移植受者（SOTR）的影响。
我们对包括高强度运动训练的任何设计的干预研究以及剧烈运动和活动的横断面研究进行了叙述性综述。此外，我们还审查了记录SOT后在高竞争或生理水平表现的个体报告。我们使用MEDLINE搜索相关文章，随后手动搜索其他文章。提取数据并总结结果。
在稳定的SOTR中，高强度和剧烈运动似乎是安全的。高强度方案始终显示出VO2峰值的改善和冠状动脉疾病患病率的降低，尽管与身体成分、健康相关生活质量结果和心血管运动变量相关的研究结果不一致。移植前的运动员在移植后展现出显著成就和生理适应，突出了该人群的运动表现能力。然而，由于可推广性的局限性和其他方法学局限性，在解释这些研究结果时应谨慎。
正如当前文献所证明的，高强度运动是一种有前景的运动方法，可安全改善各种生理参数，并降低SOTR中冠心病的患病率。它能产生与中等强度运动相似或更大的效果，然而随访研究表明保留率较低。该领域需要进一步开展方法学严谨性更高的研究，以增进理解并指导循证实践。
