Perry Diana, Tamarit Elena, Morgenroth Daniel, Gräns Albin, Sturve Joachim, Gullström Martin, Thor Peter, Wennhage Håkan
Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Turistgatan 5, 453 30 Lysekil, Sweden.
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Hörsalsvägen 9, 412 58 Gothenburg, Sweden.
Conserv Physiol. 2024 Oct 8;12(1):coae068. doi: 10.1093/conphys/coae068. eCollection 2024.
Unsustainable harvesting practices have drastically reduced fish populations globally and developments in aquaculture have increased. Unexpectedly, Atlantic salmon farming caused the opening of a new fishery in northern European countries, where previously unharvested mesopredatory species, like the goldsinny wrasse (), are captured for use as cleaner fish in pens along the coast and fjords. The goldsinny wrasse is widespread in coastal areas where it plays an ecologically important role as a predator of small invertebrates. Since climate change effects are particularly pronounced in coastal waters, it becomes urgent to understand how fish like the goldsinny will respond to global climate change, including the increasing frequency and intensity of marine heatwaves (MHWs), ocean freshening (OF) and ocean acidification (OA). To address this, we conducted a multi-stressor experiment exposing adult goldsinny to each stressor individually, as well as to all three combined. The results indicated that the goldsinny is highly affected by MHWs and extremely sensitive to a multi-stressor environment, with 34% and 53% mortality, respectively. Additionally, exposure to a MHW event, OF and multi-stressor conditions affected fish metabolism, with the highest standard metabolic- and maximum metabolic-oxygen consumption rates observed for the MHW treatment. Increases in oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and percent oxidized glutathione (% GSSG) in the livers, indicative of oxidative stress, were also seen in the MHW, OF and multi-stressor treatments. As a single stressor, OA showed no significant impacts on the measured parameters. This information is important for conservation of coastal marine environments, given the species' important role in shallow-water habitats and for management of goldsinny or other mesopredatory fish harvested in coastal ecosystems. The sensitivity of the goldsinny wrasse to future stressors is of concern, and any potential reductions in abundance as a result of climate change may lead to cascade effects with ecosystem-wide consequences.
不可持续的捕捞方式已使全球鱼类数量大幅减少，而水产养殖却有所发展。出人意料的是，大西洋鲑鱼养殖在北欧国家催生了一项新渔业，此前未被捕捞的中上层捕食性物种，如金鳍海猪鱼（），被捕获用作沿海和峡湾网箱中的清洁鱼。金鳍海猪鱼广泛分布于沿海地区，作为小型无脊椎动物的捕食者，它在生态系统中发挥着重要作用。由于气候变化对沿海水域的影响尤为显著，因此迫切需要了解像金鳍海猪鱼这样的鱼类将如何应对全球气候变化，包括海洋热浪（MHW）、海洋淡水化（OF）和海洋酸化（OA）的频率和强度增加。为解决这一问题，我们进行了一项多压力源实验，将成年金鳍海猪鱼分别暴露于每个压力源以及所有三个压力源的组合环境中。结果表明，金鳍海猪鱼受海洋热浪影响极大，对多压力源环境极为敏感，死亡率分别为34%和53%。此外，暴露于海洋热浪事件、海洋淡水化和多压力源条件下会影响鱼类代谢，海洋热浪处理组的标准代谢氧消耗率和最大代谢氧消耗率最高。在海洋热浪、海洋淡水化和多压力源处理组中，肝脏中氧化型谷胱甘肽（GSSG）和氧化型谷胱甘肽百分比（%GSSG）增加，表明存在氧化应激。作为单一压力源，海洋酸化对所测参数无显著影响。鉴于该物种在浅水栖息地的重要作用，以及对沿海生态系统中捕捞的金鳍海猪鱼或其他中上层捕食性鱼类的管理，这些信息对于沿海海洋环境保护至关重要。金鳍海猪鱼对未来压力源的敏感性令人担忧，气候变化导致的数量任何潜在减少都可能引发具有全生态系统后果的级联效应。
