Department of Social Work, School of Social Sciences and Humanities, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, India.
Centre for the Study of Law and Governance, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
Indian J Med Res. 2024 Jul;160(1):31-39. doi: 10.25259/ijmr_1869_23.
Background & objectives Under-five mortality is high among the Scheduled Tribes (ST) in India compared with the general population. This study examined the association of different maternal, child, socio demographic, and household factors associated with under-five mortality among Scheduled Tribes in India. Methods Data from the National Family and Health Survey (NFHS)-5 (2019-2021) for the ST, across all Indian States and Union Territories were used for analyses. Binary and multivariate logistic regression were performed to identify the association of maternal, child, socio-demographic, and household factors with under-five mortality among the ST population. Results Different maternal, child, socio demographic, and household factors were significantly associated with under-five mortality. The odds of under-five mortality were highest among women who gave birth to their children at home [Adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.42; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.268-1.59] as compared with women who gave birth at institution. Literate women have lesser odds of under-five mortality than women with no formal education (AOR: 0.666; 95% CI: 0.501-0.885). The risk of under-five mortality was higher among four or more birth order children (AOR: 1.422; 95% CI: 1.246-1.624) compared with the first to third birth order children. The odds of under-five mortality decreased among children with a rich wealth index (AOR: 0.742; 95% CI: 0.592-0.93) compared to children with a poor wealth index. Interpretation & conclusions Analyses of under-five mortality among ST in India showed a significant association between different maternal, child, sociodemographic, and household factors. Grass-roots-level interventions such as promoting female education, addressing vast wealth differentials, and providing family planning services with a focus on reducing under-five mortality are essential in improving the survival of under-five children among the ST population in India.
与一般人群相比，印度在册部落（ST）的五岁以下儿童死亡率较高。本研究旨在探讨不同的产妇、儿童、社会人口和家庭因素与印度在册部落五岁以下儿童死亡率之间的关联。
本研究使用了来自全国家庭健康调查（NFHS）-5（2019-2021 年）的 ST 数据，涵盖了印度所有邦和联邦属地。采用二元和多变量逻辑回归分析来确定产妇、儿童、社会人口和家庭因素与 ST 人群五岁以下儿童死亡率之间的关联。
不同的产妇、儿童、社会人口和家庭因素与五岁以下儿童死亡率显著相关。与在机构分娩的妇女相比，在家分娩的妇女的五岁以下儿童死亡率风险最高[校正比值比（AOR）：1.42；95%置信区间（CI）：1.268-1.59]。受过教育的妇女比没有正规教育的妇女有较低的五岁以下儿童死亡率风险（AOR：0.666；95%CI：0.501-0.885）。与第一至第三胎次的儿童相比，四胎次或更多胎次的儿童的五岁以下儿童死亡率风险更高（AOR：1.422；95%CI：1.246-1.624）。与贫困财富指数的儿童相比，富有财富指数的儿童的五岁以下儿童死亡率风险降低（AOR：0.742；95%CI：0.592-0.93）。
对印度在册部落五岁以下儿童死亡率的分析表明，不同的产妇、儿童、社会人口和家庭因素之间存在显著关联。基层干预措施，如促进女性教育、解决巨大的财富差异以及提供以降低五岁以下儿童死亡率为重点的计划生育服务，对于改善印度在册部落儿童的生存状况至关重要。
