Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
JMIR Public Health Surveill. 2024 Oct 9;10:e57803. doi: 10.2196/57803.
Despite several studies on self-evaluation of health and body shape, existing research on the risk factors of self-perceived overweight is insufficient, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.
This study aims to identify the risk factors affecting self-perceived overweight and examine how the prevalence of self-perceived overweight has changed before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, we analyzed the impact of altered lifestyles due to COVID-19 on this phenomenon.
The data used in the study were obtained from middle and high school students who participated in the Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (N=1,189,586). This survey was a 2-stage stratified cluster sampling survey representative of South Korean adolescents. We grouped the survey results by year and estimated the slope in the prevalence of self-perceived overweight before and during the pandemic using weighted linear regression, as well as the prevalence tendencies of self-perceived overweight according to various risk factors. We used prevalence ratios to identify the risk factors for self-perceived overweight. In addition, we conducted comparisons of risk factors in different periods to identify their associations with the COVID-19 pandemic.
The prevalence of self-perceived overweight was much higher than BMI-based overweight among 1,189,586 middle and high school participants (grade 7-12) from 2005 to 2022 (female participants: n=577,102, 48.51%). From 2005 to 2019 (prepandemic), the prevalence of self-perceived overweight increased (β=2.80, 95% CI 2.70-2.90), but from 2020 to 2022 (pandemic) it decreased (β=-0.53, 95% CI -0.74 to -0.33). During the pandemic, individuals with higher levels of stress or lower household economic status exhibited a more substantial decrease in the rate of self-perceived overweight. The prevalence of self-perceived overweight tended to be higher among individuals with poor academic performance, lower economic status, poorer subjective health, and a higher stress level.
Our nationwide study, conducted over 18 years, indicated that self-perceived overweight decreased during the COVID-19 period while identifying low academic performance and economic status as risk factors. These findings suggest the need for policies and facilities to address serious dieting and body dissatisfaction resulting from self-perceived overweight by developing counseling programs for adolescents with risk factors such as lower school performance and economic status.
尽管有多项关于健康和体型自我评估的研究，但针对自我感知超重的风险因素的研究仍不够充分，尤其是在 COVID-19 大流行期间。
本研究旨在确定影响自我感知超重的风险因素，并研究在 COVID-19 大流行之前和期间，自我感知超重的流行率是如何变化的。具体来说，我们分析了 COVID-19 导致的生活方式改变对这一现象的影响。
本研究使用的数据来自参加韩国青少年风险行为网络调查的中学生和高中生（N=1,189,586）。该调查是一项具有代表性的韩国青少年 2 阶段分层聚类抽样调查。我们按年份对调查结果进行分组，并使用加权线性回归估计大流行前和大流行期间自我感知超重的流行率斜率，以及根据各种风险因素自我感知超重的流行趋势。我们使用患病率比来确定自我感知超重的风险因素。此外，我们还比较了不同时期的风险因素，以确定它们与 COVID-19 大流行的关联。
在 2005 年至 2022 年期间（7-12 年级），1,189,586 名中学生和高中生中，自我感知超重的患病率明显高于基于 BMI 的超重患病率（女性参与者：n=577,102，48.51%）。从 2005 年到 2019 年（大流行前），自我感知超重的患病率呈上升趋势（β=2.80，95%CI 2.70-2.90），但从 2020 年到 2022 年（大流行期间），患病率呈下降趋势（β=-0.53，95%CI -0.74 至 -0.33）。在大流行期间，压力水平较高或家庭经济状况较低的个体自我感知超重的下降幅度更大。自我感知超重的患病率在学业成绩较差、经济状况较差、主观健康状况较差和压力水平较高的个体中较高。
我们进行了一项全国性的研究，跨越 18 年，结果表明自我感知超重的患病率在 COVID-19 期间有所下降，同时确定学业成绩差和经济状况差是风险因素。这些发现表明，需要制定政策和设施，通过为学业成绩和经济状况等风险因素较高的青少年制定咨询计划，来解决因自我感知超重而导致的严重节食和身体不满问题。
