Ministério da Saúde, Brasília, Brazil.
Secretaria de Estado de Saúde do Distrito Federal, Brasília, Brazil.
PLoS One. 2024 Oct 9;19(10):e0311501. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0311501. eCollection 2024.
Contradictory claims about the efficacy of several medicinal plants to promote glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have been explained by divergences in the administration form and by extrapolation of data obtained from healthy individuals. It is not known whether the antidiabetic effects of traditional herbal medicines are influenced by gelatin capsules. This randomized crossover trial aimed to evaluate the acute effect of a single dose of raw cinnamon consumed orally either dissolved in water as a beverage or as ordinary hard gelatin capsules on postprandial hyperglycemia (>140 mg/dL; >7.8 mmol/L) in T2DM patients elicited by a nutritionally-balanced meal providing 50 g of complex carbohydrates.
Fasting T2DM patients (n = 19) randomly ingested a standardized meal in five experimental sessions, one alone (Control) and the other after prior intake of 3 or 6 g of crude cinnamon in the form of hard gelatin capsules or powder dissolved in water. Blood glucose was measured at fasting and at 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5 and 2 hours postprandially. After each breakfast, its palatability scores for visual appeal, smell and pleasantness of taste were assessed, as well as the taste intensity sweetness, saltiness, bitterness, sourness and creaminess.
The intake of raw cinnamon dissolved in water, independently of the dose, decreased the meal-induced large glucose spike (peak-rise of +87 mg/dL and Δ1-hour glycemia of +79 mg/dL) and the hyperglycemic blood glucose peak. When cinnamon was taken as capsules, these anti-hyperglycemic effects were lost or significantly diminished. Raw cinnamon intake did not change time-to-peak or the 2-h post-meal glycaemia, but flattened the glycemic curve (lower iAUC) without changing the shape that is typical of T2DM patients.
This cinnamon's antihyperglycemic action confirms its acarbose-like property to inhibit the activities of the carbohydrate-digesting enzymes α-amylases/α-glucosidases, which is in accordance with its exceptionally high content of raw insoluble fiber. The efficacy of using raw cinnamon as a diabetes treatment strategy seems to require its intake at a specific time before/concomitantly the main hyperglycemic daily meals. Trial registration: Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos (ReBEC), number RBR-98tx28b.
关于几种药用植物在 2 型糖尿病（T2DM）患者中促进血糖控制的功效存在相互矛盾的说法，这可以通过给药形式的差异以及从健康个体中得出的数据外推来解释。目前尚不清楚传统草药的降血糖作用是否受明胶胶囊的影响。这项随机交叉试验旨在评估口服摄入未加工肉桂（无论是溶解在水中作为饮料还是作为普通硬明胶胶囊）对 T2DM 患者餐后高血糖（>140mg/dL；>7.8mmol/L）的急性影响，餐后给予提供 50g 复合碳水化合物的营养平衡餐。
19 名空腹 T2DM 患者随机在五个实验阶段摄入标准化餐食，一次单独摄入（对照），另一次在摄入 3 或 6g 硬明胶胶囊或溶解在水中的粗肉桂之前摄入。在空腹和餐后 0.25、0.5、0.75、1、1.5 和 2 小时测量血糖。每次早餐后，评估其对视觉吸引力、气味和口感愉悦度的适口性评分，以及甜度、咸味、苦味、酸味和奶油味的味觉强度。
无论剂量如何，将生肉桂溶解在水中摄入均可降低膳食引起的大血糖峰值（峰值升高+87mg/dL 和餐后 1 小时血糖升高+79mg/dL）和高血糖峰值。当肉桂作为胶囊摄入时，这些降血糖作用消失或明显减弱。生肉桂摄入不改变峰值时间或餐后 2 小时血糖，但使血糖曲线变平（较低的 iAUC）而不改变 T2DM 患者典型的形状。
这种肉桂的降血糖作用证实了其类似阿卡波糖的特性，即抑制碳水化合物消化酶α-淀粉酶/α-葡萄糖苷酶的活性，这与其异常高含量的未加工不溶性纤维相符。将生肉桂作为糖尿病治疗策略的疗效似乎需要在主要的每日高血糖餐前/同时摄入。试验注册：巴西临床试验注册（ReBEC），注册号 RBR-98tx28b。
