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2016年西南太平洋大规模海洋热浪：一次“厄尔尼诺-马登-朱利安振荡”复合事件。

The massive 2016 marine heatwave in the Southwest Pacific: An "El Niño-Madden-Julian Oscillation" compound event.

作者信息

Dutheil Cyril, Lal Shilpa, Lengaigne Matthieu, Cravatte Sophie, Menkès Christophe, Receveur Aurore, Börgel Florian, Gröger Matthias, Houlbreque Fanny, Le Gendre Romain, Mangolte Inès, Peltier Alexandre, Meier H E Markus

机构信息

Department of Physical Oceanography and Instrumentation, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Rostock, Germany.

MARBEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Sète, France.

出版信息

Sci Adv. 2024 Oct 11;10(41):eadp2948. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adp2948. Epub 2024 Oct 9.

DOI:10.1126/sciadv.adp2948
PMID:39383217
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11463258/
Abstract

El Niño typically induces cooling in the Southwest Pacific Ocean during austral summers, usually leading to decreased marine heatwave frequency and severity. However, the 2016 extreme El Niño unexpectedly coincided with the longest and most extensive marine heatwave ever recorded in the region. This heatwave, spanning over 1.7 million square kilometers, persisting for 24 days with a peak intensity of 1.5°C, resulted in massive coral bleaching and fish mortality. This exceptional warming resulted from anomalously strong shortwave radiation and reduced heat loss via latent heat fluxes, owing to low wind speed and increased air humidity. These anomalies are attributed to a rare combined event "Madden-Julian Oscillation and extreme El Niño." Following 10 February, the rapid dissipation of this marine heatwave results from the most intense cyclone ever recorded in the South Pacific. The hazardous ecological impacts of this extreme event highlight the needs for improving our understanding of marine heatwave-driving mechanisms that may result in better seasonal predictions.

摘要

厄尔尼诺现象通常会在南半球夏季导致西南太平洋海域降温，通常会使海洋热浪的频率和强度降低。然而，2016年的极端厄尔尼诺现象却意外地与该地区有记录以来持续时间最长、范围最广的海洋热浪同时出现。这场热浪覆盖面积超过170万平方公里，持续了24天，峰值强度为1.5°C，导致大量珊瑚白化和鱼类死亡。这种异常变暖是由于异常强烈的短波辐射以及由于低风速和空气湿度增加导致潜热通量的热损失减少所致。这些异常现象归因于罕见的“马登-朱利安振荡和极端厄尔尼诺”组合事件。2月10日之后，这场海洋热浪的迅速消散是由南太平洋有记录以来最强的气旋造成的。这一极端事件的有害生态影响凸显了加强我们对海洋热浪驱动机制的理解的必要性，这可能会带来更好的季节预测。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f661/11463258/a06f9a7a14d4/sciadv.adp2948-f7.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f661/11463258/205289e71ebf/sciadv.adp2948-f1.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f661/11463258/5780da115b42/sciadv.adp2948-f2.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f661/11463258/b0835800e0aa/sciadv.adp2948-f3.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f661/11463258/d7ee20e0f232/sciadv.adp2948-f4.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f661/11463258/78a19440818f/sciadv.adp2948-f5.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f661/11463258/ab6582fea5a2/sciadv.adp2948-f6.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f661/11463258/a06f9a7a14d4/sciadv.adp2948-f7.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f661/11463258/205289e71ebf/sciadv.adp2948-f1.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f661/11463258/5780da115b42/sciadv.adp2948-f2.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f661/11463258/b0835800e0aa/sciadv.adp2948-f3.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f661/11463258/d7ee20e0f232/sciadv.adp2948-f4.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f661/11463258/78a19440818f/sciadv.adp2948-f5.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f661/11463258/ab6582fea5a2/sciadv.adp2948-f6.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f661/11463258/a06f9a7a14d4/sciadv.adp2948-f7.jpg

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Increased occurrences of consecutive La Niña events under global warming.全球变暖背景下连续拉尼娜事件发生频次增加。
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