Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; Department of Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; Center of SEBIS (Strategic Solutions for Environmental Blindspots in the Interest of Society), 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Dec 1;954:176728. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176728. Epub 2024 Oct 9.
Plastic pollution poses a significant threat to environmental and human health, with microplastics widely distributed across various ecosystems. Although current ecotoxicological studies have primarily focused on the inherent toxicity of plastics in natural environments, the role of chemical additives leaching from plastics into the environment remains underexplored despite their significant contribution to the overall toxic potential of plastics. Existing systematic studies on plastic leachates have often examined isolated additive compounds, neglecting the ecotoxicological effects of multiple compounds present in plastic leachates. Additionally, most previous research has focused on aquatic environments, overlooking the leaching mechanisms and ecological risks to diverse species with various ecological roles in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. This oversight hinders comprehensive ecological risk assessments. This study addresses these research gaps by reviewing the environmental occurrence of plastic leachates and their ecotoxicological impacts on aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Key findings reveal the pervasive presence of plastic leachates in various environments, identifying common additives such as phthalates, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), bisphenol A (BPA), and nonylphenols (NPs). Ecotoxicologically, chemical additives leaching from plastics under specific environmental conditions can influence their bioavailability and subsequent uptake by organisms. This review proposes a novel ecotoxicity risk assessment framework that integrates chemical analysis, ecotoxicological testing, and exposure assessment, offering a comprehensive approach to evaluating the risks of plastic leachates. This underscores the importance of interdisciplinary research that combines advanced analytical techniques with ecotoxicological studies across diverse species and environmental conditions to enhance the understanding of the complex impacts of plastic leachates and inform future research and regulatory policies.
塑料污染对环境和人类健康构成重大威胁，微塑料广泛分布于各种生态系统中。尽管当前的生态毒理学研究主要集中在自然环境中塑料的固有毒性上，但塑料中化学添加剂溶出到环境中的作用仍未得到充分探索，尽管它们对塑料的整体毒性潜力有重要贡献。现有关于塑料浸出物的系统研究通常只考察了单一的添加剂化合物，而忽略了塑料浸出物中多种化合物的生态毒理效应。此外，大多数先前的研究都集中在水生环境，忽视了在水生和陆地生态系统中具有各种生态作用的不同物种的浸出机制和生态风险。这种忽视阻碍了全面的生态风险评估。本研究通过综述塑料浸出物的环境发生情况及其对水生和陆地生态系统的生态毒理学影响，解决了这些研究空白。主要研究结果揭示了塑料浸出物在各种环境中的普遍存在，确定了常见的添加剂，如邻苯二甲酸酯、多溴联苯醚（PBDEs）、双酚 A（BPA）和壬基酚（NPs）。在生态毒理学方面，塑料在特定环境条件下从化学添加剂中浸出会影响它们的生物利用度和随后被生物体吸收。本综述提出了一个新的生态毒性风险评估框架，该框架将化学分析、生态毒理学测试和暴露评估相结合，为评估塑料浸出物的风险提供了一种全面的方法。这突显了跨学科研究的重要性，该研究将先进的分析技术与不同物种和环境条件下的生态毒理学研究相结合，以增强对塑料浸出物复杂影响的理解，并为未来的研究和监管政策提供信息。
