Araújo Kaliane Sírio, Alves Janaina Lana, Pereira Olinto Liparini, de Queiroz Marisa Vieira
Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Microrganismos, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil.
Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil.
Braz J Microbiol. 2024 Dec;55(4):3051-3074. doi: 10.1007/s42770-024-01478-9. Epub 2024 Oct 10.
The Amazon rainforest is the world's most diverse ecosystem, full of fauna and flora. Among the trees that make up the forest are the rubber trees of the genus Hevea (H. brasiliensis and H. guianensis), which stand out for the industrial use of latex. It was previously shown that endophytic fungi colonize the leaves, stems, and roots of Hevea spp. In this study, 47 Penicillium spp. and three Talaromyces spp. isolates were analyzed using specific DNA barcodes: internal transcribed spacers region (ITS), β-tubulin (BenA), calmodulin (CaM), and the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) genes and additionally, for species delimitation, the genealogical concordance phylogenetic species recognition (GCPSR) criteria were applied. The phylogenetic analyses placed the Penicillium isolates into four sections Lanata-Divaricata, Sclerotiora, Citrina, and Fasciculata. The morphological and molecular characteristics resulted in the discovery of five new species (P. heveae sp. nov., P. acrean sp. nov., P. aquiri sp. nov., P. amazonense sp. nov., and P. pseudomellis sp. nov.). The five new species were also compared to closely related species, with observations on morphologically distinguishing features and colony appearances. Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood analysis have supported the placement of P. heveae sp. nov. as a sister group to P. globosum; P. acrean sp. nov. and P. aquiri sp. nov. as sister groups to P. sumatrense; P. amazonense sp. nov. closely related to isolates of P. rolfsii, and P. pseudomellis sp. nov. closely related to P. mellis. The study of endophytic Penicillium species of rubber trees and the description of five new taxa of Penicillium sect. Citrina, Lanata-Divaricata, and Sclerotiora as endophytes add to the fungal biodiversity knowledge in native rubber trees. Reports of fungi in native tropical plants may reveal taxonomic novelties, potential pathogen control agents, and producers of molecular bioactive compounds of medical and agronomic interest.
亚马逊雨林是世界上最多样化的生态系统，充满了动植物。构成这片森林的树木中有三叶橡胶属（巴西橡胶树和圭亚那橡胶树）的橡胶树，其因乳胶的工业用途而引人注目。此前有研究表明，内生真菌定殖于三叶橡胶属植物的叶、茎和根中。在本研究中，使用特定的DNA条形码：内转录间隔区（ITS）、β-微管蛋白（BenA）、钙调蛋白（CaM）和DNA依赖性RNA聚合酶II第二大亚基（RPB2）基因，对47株青霉属菌株和3株篮状菌属菌株进行了分析，此外，为了进行物种界定，还应用了系统发育一致性系统发育物种识别（GCPSR）标准。系统发育分析将青霉属菌株分为四个组：绒毛皱曲组、菌核组、柠檬组和束状组。形态学和分子特征导致发现了五个新物种（橡胶树青霉新种、阿克里青霉新种、阿库里青霉新种、亚马逊青霉新种和假梅里青霉新种）。还将这五个新物种与其近缘物种进行了比较，观察了形态学上的鉴别特征和菌落外观。贝叶斯推断和最大似然分析支持将橡胶树青霉新种置于球形青霉的姐妹群中；阿克里青霉新种和阿库里青霉新种作为苏门答腊青霉的姐妹群；亚马逊青霉新种与罗尔夫青霉的分离株密切相关，假梅里青霉新种与梅里青霉密切相关。对橡胶树内生青霉物种的研究以及对青霉属柠檬组、绒毛皱曲组和菌核组五个新分类单元作为内生菌的描述，增加了对天然橡胶树真菌生物多样性的了解。关于天然热带植物中真菌的报告可能会揭示分类学上的新事物、潜在的病原体控制剂以及具有医学和农学意义的分子生物活性化合物的生产者。
