Ardalan Khales Sahar, Mafinezhad Asghar, Golalipour Masoud, Roshandel Gholamreza, Ghafari Soraya, Rajabi Abdolhalim, Golalipour Mohammad Jafar
Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
Gorgan Congenital Malformations Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2024;27(11):1405-1409. doi: 10.22038/ijbms.2024.78920.17069.
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), one of the most common metabolic disorders in pregnancy, impacts maternal and fetal health. This study was designed to assess the effects of mild GDM on the histology, ultrastructure, and morphometry of fetal liver tissue.
In this experimental study, twenty pregnant rats were randomly allocated into control and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic groups. Mild hyperglycemia was induced by intraperitoneal injection of STZ (40 mg/kg/bw) on the 5th day of gestation. At day 19 of gestation, fetal livers were separated and subjected to histological, transmission electron microscopic, and quantitative morphometric examinations.
In the GDM group, PAS staining was positive, revealing scattered eosinophilic inclusions in some hepatocytes. Masson trichrome staining was also positive and showed some fibrous tissue as fine fibers in the portal spaces that extended to the central vein. Reticulin staining in the GDM group was focally positive in the areas of fibrosis and the portal spaces. Ultrastructural examination showed pyknotic nuclei, karyolysis, degranulation and vesiculation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, and degeneration of mitochondria in the GDM group. The morphometric examination demonstrated that the mean area of hepatocytes was significantly lower in the GDM group than in the control group (<0.05). Moreover, the mean diameter of the central vein and the density of megakaryocytes were significantly higher in the GDM group than in the control group (<0.05).
Uncontrolled mild GDM induced the histological, ultrastructural and morphometric alterations in the fetal liver.
妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）是妊娠期最常见的代谢紊乱疾病之一，会影响母婴健康。本研究旨在评估轻度GDM对胎儿肝脏组织的组织学、超微结构和形态计量学的影响。
在本实验研究中，将20只怀孕大鼠随机分为对照组和链脲佐菌素（STZ）诱导的糖尿病组。在妊娠第5天腹腔注射STZ（40mg/kg体重）诱导轻度高血糖。在妊娠第19天，分离胎儿肝脏并进行组织学、透射电子显微镜和定量形态计量学检查。
在GDM组中，PAS染色呈阳性，显示一些肝细胞中有散在的嗜酸性包涵体。Masson三色染色也呈阳性，显示门静脉间隙中有一些纤维组织呈细纤维状延伸至中央静脉。GDM组网状纤维染色在纤维化区域和门静脉间隙呈局灶性阳性。超微结构检查显示GDM组有核固缩、核溶解、粗面内质网脱颗粒和空泡化以及线粒体变性。形态计量学检查表明，GDM组肝细胞的平均面积显著低于对照组（<0.05）。此外，GDM组中央静脉的平均直径和巨核细胞密度显著高于对照组（<0.05）。
未控制的轻度GDM可导致胎儿肝脏的组织学、超微结构和形态计量学改变。
