Chatzittofis Andreas, Middleton Nicos, Karanikola Maria
Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; and Department of Clinical Sciences/Psychiatry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus.
BJPsych Open. 2024 Oct 10;10(6):e175. doi: 10.1192/bjo.2024.770.
The Republic of Cyprus has recorded the greatest increase in suicide mortality among Eastern Mediterranean countries, with an average annual increase of 5.1% in 2000-2019.
To investigate trends in suicide mortality rates between 2004 and 2020 in the Republic of Cyprus, with a focus on age, gender and suicide methods.
Suicide deaths (ICD-10 taxonomy, including 'undetermined' code) and population denominators were obtained from the National Mortality Registry and Statistical Office, respectively. Directly standardised (European Standard) mortality rates were calculated for four gender and age groups. Annual change was estimated using Poisson regression models with interaction terms to assess differential trends over different time periods.
There were 560 suicide deaths; these were four times more frequent in men, and approximately 80% were classified as 'violent' for both genders. The male suicide rate doubled from 4-5 to 9-10 per 100 000, mostly before 2012, representing a 9% annual change (rate ratio = 1.09, 95% CI 1.03, 1.15; = 0.002). From 2013, the trend reversed (effect modification < 0.001) with a 4% annual decrease (95% CI -9%, 1%). Declines were not uniform across all age groups; rates in males aged 45-64 years continued to rise, surpassing the previously high rate in males aged 25-44 years. Rates in females declined from 4-5 per 100 000 to 2-3 over the study period. Overall, the male-to-female suicide rate ratio was 5.33 (95% CI 3.46, 8.19) in 2017-2020, compared with 2.73 (1.88, 3.95) in 2004-2008.
Although suicide rates remain relatively low, the gender differential has widened in the Republic of Cyprus. Further analysis of trends in relation to unemployment and other socioeconomic indicators is warranted.
塞浦路斯共和国在东地中海国家中自杀死亡率增幅最大，2000 - 2019年期间年均增幅为5.1%。
调查2004年至2020年塞浦路斯共和国自杀死亡率的趋势，重点关注年龄、性别和自杀方式。
分别从国家死亡率登记处和统计局获取自杀死亡数据（国际疾病分类第10版分类法，包括“未确定”代码）和人口分母数据。计算了四个性别和年龄组的直接标准化（欧洲标准）死亡率。使用带有交互项的泊松回归模型估计年度变化，以评估不同时间段的差异趋势。
共有560例自杀死亡；男性自杀死亡频率是女性的四倍，且两性中约80%的自杀死亡被归类为“暴力性”。男性自杀率从每10万人4 - 5例翻倍至9 - 10例，主要发生在2012年之前，年变化率为9%（率比 = 1.09，95%置信区间1.03，1.15；P = 0.002）。从2013年起，趋势逆转（效应修正P < 0.001），年降幅为4%（95%置信区间 - 9%，1%）。各年龄组的降幅并不一致；45 - 64岁男性的自杀率持续上升，超过了此前25 - 44岁男性的高自杀率。在研究期间，女性自杀率从每10万人4 - 5例降至2 - 3例。总体而言，2017 - 2020年男性与女性自杀率之比为5.33（95%置信区间3.46，8.19），而2004 - 2008年为2.73（1.88，3.95）。
尽管塞浦路斯共和国的自杀率仍然相对较低，但性别差异有所扩大。有必要进一步分析与失业和其他社会经济指标相关的趋势。
